PASTEURELLA ANATIPHTER INFECTION (New Duck Disease, Infectious Serositis, Infectious serositis) Especially young ducks and turkeys are infectious diseases and other water birds can be affected by poultry such as chickens, pheasants. Symptoms of the disease include osteomyelitis, meningitis, and focal pneumonia.

Infectious Coryza Etiology Haemophilus paragallinarum There are three serogroups (A, B, C) Resistivity of Susceptible to environmental conditions

Epidemiology-1 An acute highly contagious upper respiratory tract infection The natural host of the agent is chickens Transmission is shaped by respiration and digestion Chickens of all ages are susceptible to disease The disease is more serious in chickens during the yield period It spreads very fast in the poultry High morbidity (60-100%) Low mortality (1-10% if there is no complication)

Epidemiology-2 Decrease in growth performance in animals Causes significant yield reductions in laying pets Infection is widespread in many countries of the world and endemic in some regions Chronic infected chickens are important in infectious infection The disease is more common in autumn and winter No vertical infection

Epidemiology-3 The incubation period is rather short (24-48 hours) A sensitive cluster disease effect infects most of the animals within 72 hours The disease affects the cohort for about 2-3 weeks, but it is longer in the case of secondary infection, especially in mycoplasma infections Maintain survival of approximately 50 days in active infectious sinus exudate Other infections (such as Mycoplasma, IB) increase the severity of the disease

Clinical findings and macroscopic lesions-1 Reduced feed consumption and water consumption in animals Runny nose, facial edema, conjunctivitis, facial hair can spit on roosters When the lower respiratory tract is affected, the lung sounds are noticeable Arthritis and septicemia can be seen Diarrhea has also been reported in some cases Pneumonia and air intrusion may rarely be seen

Clinical findings and macroscopic lesions-2   Clinical findings and macroscopic lesions-2 Layer 10-40% decrease in animals In cases where it is complicated with other bacteria, and in chronic conditions, the stomach is a stinking odor Especially in H.paragallinarum infections in which Mikoplasma infections are present, head swelling may be confused with pneumovirus infection

Morbitide and Mortality-1 Although it varies according to the microorganism's virulence, in general infectious coryza cases have low mortality and high morbitide.

Morbitide and Mortality-2 Mortality and clinical symptoms; the age of the animals, Inadequate poultry conditions, parasitic infections, malnutrition, exacerbate the course of the disease and cause prolongation. In general, mortality increases significantly when infected with chickens, IB, ILT, CRD, Pasteurella.

Diagnosis-1 Isolation and identification of factors Agent isolation is difficult Isolation of agents possible in materials taken during acute period The best material is the sinus content

Diagnosis-2 Serological tests Agglutination AGP HI ELISA

Diagnosis-3 Molecular techniques PCR PCR-RFLP

Mixed Diseases CRD Chicken Chowder Chicken Flower SHS A-avitaminosis Since the disease is usually in the form of mixed infections, differences in mortality can be seen.

Protection and Control-1 General measures Chickens and piglets not taken from businesses with infections Removal of infected carriers Separation of growth cohorts and elderly swarms Removing infected and diseased poultry Emptying poultry should be left empty for at least two weeks

Protection and Control-2 Disinfection The agent is sensitive to most disinfectants used in practice. Biosecurity measures

Treatment Sulfonamides, erythromycin, tetracyclines, quinolones Effective combinations of antibiotics sulphacloraprozine-sulfodimidin chlortetracycline-sulphadimetoksim sulphacloraprozine-trimethoprim

Vaccines-1 Inactivated vaccines can be used in endemic areas The use of commercial vaccines is common The vaccines should be prepared in chicken embryos, in strains, at least 108 cfu in cell cultures After complications are losses may be reduced by vaccination.

Vaccines-2 9-12 months protection provided after vaccination With vaccines, protection is only provided against the serovar prepared for the vaccine There are live and attenuated vaccines In recent years, there have been studies on recombinant vaccines.

Vaccines-3 There licensed vaccines used in Turkey Vaccine 1. Serotype A, (083), Serotype B (Spross), Serotype C (H-18) Vaccine 2. Serotype A, Serotype C Vaccine 3. Serotype A, Serotype B, Serotype C Vaccine 4. Serotype A, Serotype C

THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTER INFECTIONS (Campylobacter jejuni, C.coli, C.lari)

Campylobacter jejuni and other thermophilic Campylobacter species are among the most common causes of enteric infections in humans and animals. These bacteria, which are very common in broiler chickens, are the primary cause of infectious hepatitis in chickens. A large increase in the incidence of campylobacter infections in humans in recent years has increased the interest in this group of bacteria.

Thermophilic Campylobacter (C. jejuni, C. coli, C Thermophilic Campylobacter (C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari) is colonized early in the intestines of poultry, and colonization reaches high levels until cutting. Contamination occurs in carcases in the course of cutting infected rats with Campylobacter, and these are potential sources of infection for humans. Campylobacter contamination has been identified throughout the world in all studies, particularly in the poultry of all poultry cultivated, especially in chickens, and in poultry meats served for consumption. Thermophilic Campylobacter species are also isolated in eggs. For this reason, these group factors are important for human health.

Campylobacter infections in poultry are examined under two headings Campylobacter infections in poultry are examined under two headings. Avian Vibrioic Hepatitis Campylobacteriosis