Chemical Bonding.

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Presentation transcript:

Chemical Bonding

Ions Ions- atoms with a net electrical charge. An ion is formed when an atom has gained or lost an electron. Ions that have gained an electron become negative. Ions that have lost an electron become positive.

The Ionic Bond Video

Helium, neon and argon are atoms which do not react with other atoms. These are the Noble Gases on the Periodic table because of this. Each of these gases has a full outer electron shell (orbit). 10p10n 18p22n 2p2n Ne He Ar 10 electrons 2 electrons 18 electrons 2,8 2,8,8

Sodium Na 11 protons 11p 12n 12 neutrons 11 electrons 2,8,1

Chlorine Cl 17 protons 17p 18n 18 Neutrons 17 electrons 2,8,7

+ The Sodium atom has 1 Electron in it’s outer shell. Na e.c. 2,8,1 Atom The Sodium loses 1 electron to leave a complete outer shell. It is now a Sodium ion with a charge of 1 + (Na +) + e.c. (2,8)+ Ion

- NEW ION: The Chlorine atom has 7 electrons in it’s outer shell. Cl 2,8,7 Atom NEW ION: (Cl - ) - The Chlorine gains 1 electron to gain a complete outer shell. It is now a Chlorine ion with a charge of 1 - (2,8,8)- Ion

+ - The Ionic Bond Sodium atom Na Chlorine atom Cl Sodium ion (Na +) Chlorine ion (Cl -) The sodium atom loses one electron to attain a complete outer shell and become a positive ion (Na +). The Chlorine atom gains one electron to attain a complete outer shell and become a negative ion (Cl –). Strong electrostatic forces attract the sodium and chlorine ions.

Ionic Compounds Held together by strong electrostatic forces Opposite charges attract High melting points and boiling points When melted or dissolved ionic compounds conduct electricity

Covalent Bonding Video

Chlorine atom 2,8,7

2 Chlorine atoms Outer shells only

Chlorine molecule Cl2 Electrons shared Each outer shell has 8 electrons Forces (bonds) between atoms in the molecule very strong

Covalent bonds can be represented in 3 ways:

Chlorine Cl2 Cl Cl Cl Cl

Covalent Bonds: Water H2O Methane CH4 Ammonia NH3 Hydrogen H2 Hydrogen Chloride HCl Oxygen O2

Oxygen O 16 8 Oxygen atom 2,6

2 Oxygen atoms (outer shells only) Double covalent bond O

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