THERMAL ANALYSIS OF POWER PLANTS P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department http://web.iitd.ac.in/~pmvs/course_NTPC-ET.php Theory Created by Most useful Hardware …..

Objective & Focus To train you as Complete Power Generation Engineer. Understand the importance of energy in human development. Realize that power plant created thermodynamics but not …. Critical understanding of present and future power plant cycles. Fuels and combustion for power plants. Heat transfer and fluid dynamics of Steam generators & HRSGs. Analysis of Steam Turbines & Feed Water Heaters. Analysis of condenser & Pumps.

POWER PLANTS : A phantasmagoric REALITY P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Systems Evolved out of Biological Characteristic of Humans Lead to Creation of An Artificial Planet..

Energetic Human Development Clothes Washers Computers Water Coolers Televisions Refrigerators Furnaces Printers Traffic Signals VCRs Monitors Geothermal Heat Pumps Exit Signs Insulation Windows & Doors Fluorescent Light Bulbs

Science always has its origin in the adaptation of thought to some definite field of experience. 400 BC Sir Ernst Mach 800 BC

An Engineering Adaptation to Natural Experts Running Faster ~350 km/hr 40 – 48 km/hr

An Engineering Adaptation to Natural Experts Flying Faster

An Engineering Adaptation to Natural Experts Swimming Faster The Sail Fish

A Engineering Adptation to Natural Experts Load Carriers

Power Plants are Responsible for Human development .... Continuous Evolution of Homo Sapients Raw food eating habits to Micro wave based cooking. Human and animal vehicles to Automobiles. Watching a flying bird to flying like a bird at high speeds. Manual machines to Electric appliances. Living with available seasonal food to eating anything at any time. Spending hours on paper note book calculations to High speed computing note book. …………… ……………… ……………………… Power Plants are Responsible for Human development ....

21st century Challenges to Humans A High Tech Artificial Environment Poor Quality Natural Environment

Separation of Human and Natural Influences on Climate

Human impact on the environment Human impact is called as an anthropogenic impact. The anthropogenic impact on the environment includes impacts on biophysical environments, biodiversity and other resources. The atmospheric scientist Paul Crutzen introduced the term "anthropocene" in the mid-1970s. The term is sometimes used in the context of pollution emissions that are produced as a result of human activities but applies broadly to all major human impacts on the environment.[

State of Ecosystems, Habitats and Species Human interaction is an disruptive effect on nature. In the beginning, human interaction with nature, enriched the quality and variety of the living world and its habitats. Today, human pressure on natural environments is greater than before in terms of magnitude in disrupting nature. The policies pursued in the industry, transport and energy sectors having a direct and damaging impact on the nature. The strong focus of forestry management on economic targets primarily causes the decline in biodiversity, soil erosion and other related effects.

Manifestations of the Degradation The clearest manifestations of the degradation of the natural environment are: Reduction and fragmentation of habitats and landscapes. A decreased species diversity, due to reduced habitable surface area which corresponds to a reduced "species carrying capacity". The reduction of the size of habitats also reduces the genetic diversity of the species living there. Loss of Species of Fauna and Flora. http://www.hobart.k12.in.us/jkousen/Biology/impact.html

Why Humans Compete Natural Experts. Only to Beat the Nature Why Humans Compete Natural Experts ??? Only to Beat the Nature ?? So Much Ego ???

My Journey into True & Need Based Energy Research..... Shri Mangal Singh Water Wheel on River Sajnam, Bhailoni Lod Village Lalitpur Dist.

The Giant Wheel Like Water Wheel

Design II : Krishi Vigyan Kendra ,Jagdishpur, Sonipat 5KW design with 3.7KW Irrigation Pump

Comparative study on development of Micro hydro water wheel $400 $320 $2700 Cost of gear box $170 $160 $1800 Cost of wheel impulse Principle 15 14 24 No. of blades 86%[t] 76%[p] 72%[t] 68%[p] 40%[t] 20%[p] efficiency 22l/s 22 l/s Pump discharge 450l/s 400l/s 1800l/s Water utilized to run 5kw 6kw Power developed 1 1.5 Head at site in m 1.26 4 Diameter in m New Design II (KVK, Sonipat) Haryana New Design I (Semera Village) Lalitpur,UP Farmer ’ s version Bhailoni Village Specification

Uttaranchal A Land for Traditional Harvest of Hydro Power

Estimation of Power availability and Profits Uttaranchal Estimation of Power availability and Profits Generation of Data Base of various Micro Hydel Resources in Uttaranchal. - 15 sites. Design of Micro Hydel stations. - Three sites. Total Water wheels available in Uttaranchal area – 100,000 Total Power generation if we assume each generating 5 kW – 500 MW Cash generation of Rs. – 240 million per hour Employment to people – 300,000

Dhan Cutter, Alternator Site visited Head available (in M) Flow Rate (l/sec) Wheel Speed In RPM Output Speed Diameter of wheel In CM No. of Blades Power Output In KW Applications Sangtiyawala 1.40 480 90 1500 106 16 1 Chakki, Alternator Bhogpur Gharat (1) 2.30 889 95 2 Dhan Cutter, Alternator Bhogpur Gharat (2) 645 104 84 29 - Chakki Donkwala (1) 1.50 70 100 30 Donkwala (2) 97 Donkwala (3) 1.25 Naya Gharat ,Lacchiwala 1.85 634 50 107 11 5 Chakki, Dhan cutter, Unnat Gharat 0.6 352 New Design 1.8 + 1.0 342 73 3 Chakki, Alternator

Suggested layouts for Uttaranchal Units Penstock Water Wheel Main Shaft Bush Bearing Wooden Base Grinder adjusting lever Grinding Wheel 10” Pulley 12” Pulley Gear Box Generator Canal Forbay New Design

Specification of upgraded wheel for Garwhal area

Contributions Design, Fabrication and Erection of 5 kW Horizontal Axis Hydro-Turbo Pump on a small river near Jhansi. Design , Fabrication and Testing of 3.5 kW Horizontal Axis Hydro-Turbo Pump cum Generator on a Drainage Canal at Sonipat. Design, Fabrication of 3.5 kW Vertical Axis Hydro-Turbo Atta Chakki cum Alternator at Lacchiwala, near Dehradun. Design and Development of 5 KW Horizontal Axis Hydro-Turbo Pump cum Generator at Pokhri, Uttaranchal. Design and Development of 5 KW Horizontal Axis Hydro Generator at Halflong, Assam.

Trained 25 Technicians from Uttarakhand. National Workshop on Development of Man-Power in Ultra Micro Hydel Turbines for Rural Energy Systems 20th March to 28th March 2004. P. M. V. Subbarao IIT, DELHI Trained 25 Technicians from Uttarakhand. By 2013 HESCO was responsible for 15000 entrepreneurs with water wheel based power systems.

Assam, India: Micro Hydro Power Project to Benefit 38 Families

It has a 12-foot-high water reservoir and a turbine.   Inhabitants of a remote village in the rugged, mountainous terrain of North Cachar Hills are getting uninterrupted power supply even though it is not connected by conventional power grid. This has been made possible by the State’s first micro hydro-electricity. The project generates 6.8 KVA power from a hilly stream called Boro Robi nullah near the hamlet. It has a 12-foot-high water reservoir and a turbine. “This was started as a pilot project with support from the Army, and following its successful implementation, we plan to set up more such micro hydel projects in similar terrain in the district,” HP Rajkumar, Project Director, District Rural Development Agency (DRDA), NC Hills, said, adding that a couple of sites had already been identified for the purpose. Rajkumar said that the Army engineers designed the turbine, which cost Rs 1.25 lakh. “The Army has been very enthusiastic about the project and extended every possible cooperation to us. We got technical expertise from the IIT-Delhi as well,” he said. At the moment the project is illuminating 38 households of the village besides a school, a church, a temple and an auditorium. “The households have two bulbs each.

Are the Humans created to disrupt the Nature????!!!??? Let us understand the special bio-energetic characteristic of Humans….

Human Evolution due to Engineering

Human Vs Other living Species Human is only one living species that requires energy for better living. Is this a pure enjoyment? Not a necessity? Yet Human say: Necessity is the mother of Invention…