Buffers and Titration.

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Presentation transcript:

Buffers and Titration

What is a buffer? A solution that resists pH change due to the addition of OH- or H30+ ions. Example: Acetic acid Acetate HC2H302 + H20 H30+ + C2H302- If a strong base is added, the H30+ resists pH change by forming water. H30+ + OH- H20 + H20 If a strong acid is added, the additional H30+ reacts with acetate to form water and resist pH change. (H30+ is used, therefore no pH change occurs) H30+ + C2H302- HC2H302 + H20

Adding a strong base to a weak acid -Notice that the buffer RESISTS pH change, it doesn’t cancel it completely. - Once the buffer’s capacity is used up, the pH will drastically change. This is known as the equivalence point. Volume of base added

What is titration? The addition of a measured volume of a solution of known concentration to find the concentration of an unknown solution. Solution of known concentration - Add drops of the known solution - Graph pH vs. volume - Find the equivalence point. - Find the concentration of the unknown solution. Solution of unknown concentration

Why titrate? Common uses of titration are: -Monitoring blood sugar levels in diabetics -Analyzing urine samples. -Finding the concentration of vitamins C and E in food products. -Accurately measure the pH and concentration of ammonia and nitrates in aquarium water. -Find the degree of contamination in acid rain. ANYTIME there is a solution with an unknown concentration of a substance, titrations are used!

Titration Calculations Ma x Va = Mb x Vb M is molarity (mol/L), aka concentration V is the volume in LITERS

Practice If 85 mL of a 0.8 M NaOH solution are needed to neutralize 350 mL of an HCl solution. What is the concentration of the HCl solution? HINT: Ma x Va = Mb x Vb NaOH is a base, HCl is an acid Answer: Ma x .350 = 0.8 x .085 Ma = 0.19 M UNITS!

HINT: Ma x Va = Mb x Vb NaOH is a base, HCl is an acid Mb = .0225 M It takes 20.25 mL of a 0.35 M HCl solution to neutralize 315 mL of NaOH solution. What is the concentration of the NaOH solution? HINT: Ma x Va = Mb x Vb NaOH is a base, HCl is an acid Mb = .0225 M UNITS!