Appropriate Technology Appropriate Technology (1 st way for a country to try to develop) Study the following two projects that are designed to help a country develop and decide which one you think is best and why

Project 1 The Three Gorges Dam, China

Details The largest Dam in the world and the largest construction project, ever

Cost $75 billion the money has been loaned by major world banks $75 billion the money has been loaned by major world banks

Benefits 1.May produce up to 10% China energy (cleanly) 2.Will help prevent flooding which has caused loss of life 3.Navigation improved up the gorge. (good for trade)

Problems 1.It will flood the homes of 2 million people 2.Will change one of the most beautiful gorges for ever, effecting wildlife and destroying ancient archeological sites 3.Silt no longer deposited on land (making it fertile) instead caught behind dam blocking turbines. 4.Cost and debt?

Project 2 Mud Brick Compressor, Zambia Look at the pictures read the info. What is your opinion of this project?

Details A man powered tool that compresses mud into bricks

The mud brick compressor The mud bricks baking in the sun Finished bricks

Cost $100 the local community can group together to pay for it $100 the local community can group together to pay for it

Benefits 1.Makes stronger bricks 2.Bricks made quicker and more regular size 3.Run and maintained by the local community

Problems 1.Does not earn any money 2.Does not attract any publicity 3.Does not solve poverty

Which project and why? Which of the two development projects you think is best and why? 3 Gorges Dam or Mud Brick Compressor

Appropriate Technology

Appropriate technology = technology that is suited to the needs, skills, knowledge and wealth of local people in the environment which they live. What do you think is meant by this statement? Can you think of inappropriate and appropriate technology?

Appropriate Technology Projects Right for the place (local tech. & expertise) Right for the people (run by locals & what they need) Sustainable (last long term but not damage envt) Affordable (initial costs & parts)

Appropriate Vs Hi-tech technology Appropriate technologyAdvanced Technology Smaller scale Cheaper equipment Small demand for energy Large demand for labour (LEDCs have lots available) Uses local resources Involves traditional skills Large scale Expensive equipment Big demand for energy Employs few people Often needs imported materials Needs training in new skills

3 Gorges Dam vs Mud Brick Compressor Using the table and what you have learnt about these two projects explain which one is not using appropriate technology. Explain why.

Sustainable Development Project Case study: Hand pump boreholes, Kenya

Water management in Kenya The Problem Poor quantity (amount) of water –dry –population rapidly increasing –increasingly using irrigation –more water is needed for industry –As develops more people own washing machines, flushing toilets etc these all increase use Poor quality of water –Dont have the money to treat their water. –Dont have proper sanitation so polluted water mixes with drinking water –Disease spread quickly due to warm climate (diarrhoea (from drinking dirty water) kills more people in Africa than any other cause)

Solution by Oxfam in Kenya

400 Boreholes + hand pumps installed (£1000 each) Educated villagers on how to store water Water quality – to avoid stagnant water and polluting the drinking water they were educated to: to locate animal drinking troughs outside the village to wash clothes away from the borehole area to place concrete slabs around the standpipe to keep area dry About how to avoid stagnant pools that become breeding grounds for mosquitoes that spread malaria. to dig proper long drops to ensure sewage and drinking water do not mix (over 4m deep holes)

Improvements brought… (in groups try to work out the improvements that will be brought by this project) Economic improvements Environmental improvements Social improvements

Sustainable Development For Kenya, the handpump is a better solution to the water problem because it sustainable. This means it does not damage the environment, it is cheaper, does not need expensive maintenance and gives Kenyans the ability to look after themselves rather than depending on outsiders.

Reasons why it is sustainable Use all the images and the table to explain why this project is sustainable Useful words Local skills, not handouts, non dependant, labour intensive, low energy input, cheap, community based, self value and worth, pride, education Oxfam, environmental benefit Community based Appropriate technology Cost Energy Handouts Pride Health Benefits Mosquitoes