Illegal Renewable Natural Resources Trade (IRNRT) June 24, 2019 1

Significant capital is at risk due to IRNRT IRNRT Market Overview Significant capital is at risk due to IRNRT Government revenue / Evasion (tax, non-tax, fees) Economy (size, productivity, profitability) Investments / Macro/fiscal (balance of trade, balance of payments) Financial capital Forest (e.g., flood retention, water, pollination, soil erosion, carbon, wildlife reduction) Fishing (e.g. by-catch reduction) Wildlife (e.g., richness species increase) Natural capital / Ecosystem services Jobs and livelihoods Crime and conflict Health (morbidity, mortality) Social Capital Governance (corruption, land rights) Reputation Social Investments Political Capital Source: Adapted from Blundell et al. (2018)

Estimated annual value (US$ billion) IRNRT Market Overview (cont.) The highest transnational crimes include drugs, human trafficking, and IRNRT IRNT is estimated between US$ 48 billion and US$ 216 billion a year, equivalent to at least 15 percent of the value of the illegal trade in drugs Transnational Crime UNEP-Interpol 2014 UNEP-Interpol 2016 GFI 2017   Estimated annual value (US$ billion) Drugs 344 426–652 Human trafficking 157 150 IRNRT 48–153 69–199 73–216 - Illegal logging 30–100 51–152 52–157 - IUU fishing 11–30 11–24 16–36 - IWT* 7–23 5–23 Source: UNEP – Interpol (2014); UNEP – Interpol (2016); GFI (2017). * IWT estimates tend to be confounded with forestry and fisheries estimates.

Lessons from Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT) Strengthen the role of communities in conservation and combating IWT Recognize IWT as a serious transnational organized crime Create an IWT national strategy Scale up funding to effectively combat IWT Establish public-private-partnerships (PPPs)