COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN THE CLASSROOM Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills 11th Edition David W. Johnson Frank P. Johnson

Purposes What Is Cooperative Learning And Why Use It? What Are the Cooperative Learning Outcomes? How Do You Structuring Formal CL? How Do You Structuring Informal CL? How Do You Structure Base Groups? How Do You Use All Three Groups What Is The Cooperative School?

History of Cooperative Learning Old Idea Talmud, Quintillion & Seneca Joseph Lancaster in England Lancaster School in NY in 1806 Common School Movement – early 1800s Colonel Frances Parker John Dewey

Nature of Cooperative Learning Social Interdependence Individual’s outcomes are affected by others’ actions Positive Interdependence Individuals work together to achieve mutual goals Negative Interdependence Individuals work against each other to achieve a goal Social Independence Individual work alone, unaffected by others

Types of Learning Groups Formal Cooperative Learning Groups Informal Cooperative Learning Groups Cooperative Base Groups

Formal Cooperative Learning Team-Based Learning Used to teach specific content Students responsible for self-learning, group members’ learning, class learning Completes a task, unit, or chapter Emphasis on helping each other learn The heart of an academic classroom

Formal Cooperative Learning Make Preinstructional Decisions Explain the Task and Cooperative Structure Monitor and Intervene Evaluate and Process

Preinstructional Decisions Specify Instructional Objectives Decide on Group Size Assign Students to Groups Assign Roles to Ensure Interdependence Arrange the Room Plan the Instructional Materials

Structure Task and Cooperation Explain Academic Task Explain Criteria for Success Structure Positive Interdependence Structure Individual Accountability Structure Intergroup Cooperation Specify Desired Behaviors

Monitor and Intervene Monitor Students’ Behavior Provide Task Assistance Intervene to Teach Social Skills Provide Closure to the Lesson

Evaluate Learning and Process Group Interaction Assess the Quality and Quantity of Learning Process How Well the Group Functioned Feedback Reflection Improvement Goals Celebration

Informal Cooperative Learning Groups Focuses student attention on material Sets a mood conducive to learning Helps cognitively organize material Sets attention and provides closure Allows for identifying and correcting misconceptions, incorrect understanding, and gaps in comprehension Personalizes learning experiences

Use During Direct Instruction or Lecture Introductory Focused Discussion Advance organizer for learning Establishes learning expectations Intermittent Focused Discussions Lecture Segments Pair Discussions Closure Focused Discussion

Cooperative Base Groups Long-term heterogeneous groups Stable membership Members give each other academic support Members give each other personal support They personalize the learning experience and provide a sense of belonging

Base Group Tasks Give Each Other Academic Support Give Each Other Personal Support Handle Routine Tasks Help With Assessment and Evaluation Tasks

Base Group Agendas Opening Tasks Greeting and Welcome Relationship and group-building tasks Check Homework Review Progress: Ongoing Assignments Closing Tasks Review and Clarify Assignments Discuss What Was Learned Discuss Applications of Learning Celebrate Member’s Hard Work

Integrate the Use of the Groups Start With Base Groups Lecture With Informal Cooperative Learning Guided Practice with Formal Cooperative Learning End With Base Groups

The Cooperative School Classrooms use cooperative learning the majority of the time Faculty meet in collegial teaching teams, task forces, and ad-hoc decision-making groups Administrators meet in collegial teams

Summary Cooperative Learning Is The Effective Use Of Small Learning Groups It Enhances Learning, Motivation, And More. There Are Three Types Of Groups For Different Purposes You Use These Groups In An Integrated Way To Enhance Learning The Cooperative School Includes Faculty and Administration Cooperative Groups