Complex Punnett Squares Complex Inheritance Bio.3.2.2 Predict offspring ratios based on a variety of inheritance patterns (including dominance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, and sex-linked traits).

Complex Inheritance Complex inheritance shows a variation of inheriting traits with differences shown in the phenotypes of the heterozygous individual. The heterozygous individual does not show just show the dominant trait with complex inheritance. There are 4 types: Incomplete Dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple Alleles, and Sex-linked Dominance

Incomplete Dominance The Heterozygous individual (Aa) shows a blending of traits. RR = Red rr = white Rr = Pink (blended trait)

Incomplete Dominance Snapdragons show incomplete dominance with the blending of the red flower color and the white flower color to produce a pink flower color. Two pink snapdragons are crossed. Explain the percentages of the different possible phenotypes (Ratio). “D:H:R”

Codominance The heterozygous individual (Aa) shows both traits at the same time. RR = Red rr = white Rr = Roan (both red and white)

Codominance Roan cows are an example of codominance of the red and white coat color. A red and white cow mate. Explain the percentages of the possible phenotypes (Ratio). “D:H:R”

Multiple Alleles Inheritance that shows complete dominance in some alleles and incomplete or codominance in other alleles. ABO Blood types are an example of multiple alleles: Blood type A = AA or AO (IAIA or IAi) Complete dominance Blood type B = BB or BO (IBIB or IBi) Blood type AB = AB (IAIB) Codominance Blood type O = OO (ii) Recessive

Multiple Alleles A woman with blood type O has a child with type O blood. The woman’s husband is blood type A (unknown genotype) and believes the child is not his. Is her husband correct? Why or why not?

Sex-linked Dominance Sex-linked traits/diseases are associated with the sex chromosomes. Typically, theses traits are linked to the X- chromosome. Examples of X-linked recessive traits/diseases: Male patterned baldness Hemophilia Ocular albinism Color blindness

Sex-linked Dominance Male patterned baldness is a sex-linked recessive trait. A woman who is a carrier for the trait has a son with a man who does not have the trait. What is the probability that their son will have male patterned baldness? If they have a daughter, what would be the probability for her to have the recessive trait? XNXN = XNXn = XnXn = XNY = XnY = Normal Female Carrier Female Bald Female Normal Male Bald Male