Mobile Application for Secure Tenure (MAST) and the Technical Register Under Social Tenure (TRUST) Development and Application in Iringa and Mbeya Districts - Tanzania Land Tenure Assistance 7/12/2019 FOOTER GOES HERE

Tanzania is in East Africa, the home of Mt Kilimanjaro, where 28% of land is reserved for forestry, water resources and wildlife. 70% is village land.

36 in Iringa District, 5 in Mbeya District The Land Tenure Assistance Program (LTA) is funded by Feed the Future/USAID to support land registration in 41 villages 36 in Iringa District, 5 in Mbeya District Approximately 50,000 – 60,000 land parcels LTA is funded by Feed the Future USAID We are working in 36 villages in Iringa and five villages in Mbeya

Completed to date: 32,000 land parcels 22 villages To date LTA has mapped 32,000 land parcels in 22 villages using MAST and work is currently underway in a further four villages

Activity 1: Assist villages and district administrations in completing the land use planning process and delivering Certificates of Customary Rights of Occupancy (CCROs). Iringa and Mbeya. Activity 2: Educate and build capacity of village land governance institutions and individual villagers to complete the land use planning and CCRO process Activity 3: Educate and build capacity of district-level land governance institutions in Mbeya District to complete the land use planning and CCRO process Activity 4: Build capacity to use the Mobile Application for Secure Tenure (MAST) application throughout the SAGCOT and nationally. Effectively manage land resources, respect women’s, youth and pastoralist’s land rights and build agriculture-related business skills. The aim of LTA is to .... clarify and document land rights support land use planning efforts increase local understanding of land use, land rights, and formal registration, and build capacity to use the Mobile Application for Secure Tenure (MAST) The interventions help to: .... effectively manage land resources enhance rights to land for women, youth and pastoralists improve agriculture-related business skills and lay the groundwork for sustainable agricultural investment for both smallholders and commercial investors, and reduce land tenure related risks

Village Land Certificate (VLC) checked and registered Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) process for Village Land Use Plan (VLUP) preparation/review and registration Adjudication and demarcation of land claims using Mobile Application for Secure Tenure (MAST) Certificates of Customary Right of Occupancy (CCROs) issued Village residents sensitized and trained in formal land registration processes Post Registration and Future Transactions Registered and Recorded at District Level through Technical Register Under Social Tenure (TRUST) MAST TRUST  The process involves six main steps: Checking that there is a valid Village Land Certificate Preparing a Village Land Use Plan Training and sensitizing residents in formal land registration processes Adjudicating and demarcating land claims using MAST Issuing Certificates of Customary Right of Occupancy, CCROs, and Providing a system for transactions after initial registration using TRUST

Introduction of Program to Village Council General Information, Overview of Laws Governing Land, VLUP, Outline of Registration Process, Information for Claimants Members of the Village Land Use Management Committee (VLUMC)/ Village Adjudication Committee (VAC) Nominated by Village Council Check Status of Village Land Certificate (VLC) Introduction of Program to Village Leaders The process begins by introducing the program to village leaders and the Village Council providing them with general information, an overview of laws governing land, land use planning and registration. The Village Council nominates people to form land use planning and adjudication committees to work with the project.

Introduction of Program to Village Assembly General Information, Overview of Laws Governing Land, VLUP, Outline of Registration Process, Information for Claimants Members of the Village Land Use Management Committee (VLUMC)/ Village Adjudication Committee (VAC) Approved by Village Assembly Less than 10% of Villages have Village Land Use Plans (VLUPs) – a prerequisite for land registration Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) process is used to Prepare Village Land Use Plans (VLUPs) 2 weeks to prepare and obtain Village Assembly approval The program is then presented to the full Village Assembly who approve the nominated members of the Committees or propose alternatives. A valid Village Land Use Plan is required before registration can proceed. More than 90% of villages do not have land use plans so preparing or reviewing them has become very much part of the LTA activity. It takes about 2 weeks to prepare and present the land use plan to the Village Assembly for approval – this level of approval is sufficient to proceed with land registration

Public Outreach and Training Hamlet (neighborhood) Sensitization Meetings Extensive training and public outreach has been the key to the success of the program. Together with government counterparts we conduct : Hamlet or neighborhood level meetings…

Public Outreach and Training Women’s Sensitization Meetings Women’s Group Strengthening Women's sensitization meetings Women's group strengthening meetings for economic empowerment…

Youth/School Sensitization Meetings Brochures and Printed Media Radio Broadcasts Youth training and sensitization meetings at secondary schools Live radio broadcasts with listener question and answer sessions, and Distribution of brochures and other printed media. Brochures and Printed Media Communication and public outreach activities have reached more than 500,000 people to date

Training of Para-surveyors, Adjudicators and Hamlet Leaders on Demarcation, Adjudication and MAST 1 week Potential para-surveyors invited to participate in training Smart phone savvy Youth Trained for five days in use of MAST Tested Successful candidates employed The technical side of the program involves training para-surveyors, adjudicators and hamlet leaders in the use of MAST and the demarcation and adjudication process The para-surveyors are mostly young people because they have to be familiar with mobile technology

Demarcation and Adjudication 1 LTA Field Assistant and 1 District Land Officer Supervise 7 teams consisting of: 1Para-surveyor, 2 Adjudicators and 1 Hamlet Leader 10 parcels per day per team = 70 parcels per day 350 land parcels demarcated per week 1400 parcels (average village for Iringa District) uploaded to MAST 4 weeks Demarcation and adjudication is done by small teams consisting of 1 para-surveyor, 2 adjudicators and a hamlet leader. Seven of these small teams work systematically in each village supervised by an LTA Field Assistant and government District Land Officer. LTA operates four field teams in four villages simultaneously.

All neighbors need to be present Neighbors walk the boundary with Para- surveyors, Adjudicators and Hamlet leaders Para-surveyors plot the co- ordinates using MAST on a mobile device This is how it works: All neighbors need to be present and the neighbors walk the boundary with the Para-surveyor, Adjudicators and Hamlet leaders Para-surveyors plot the co-ordinates using MAST on a mobile device…

Mobile Application for Secure Tenure (MAST) Data capture tool on smart phones and tablets - it does not in itself provide ‘secure tenure’ All the information relating to the claim and claimant is loaded directly onto the app. through various tabs…

The claimant must produce his or her ID document Adjudicators record (on paper and in MAST) the names of the claimant/s, spouses, persons of interest, neighbors and adjudicators against the parcel number issued by the Adjudication Committee The claimant must produce his or her ID document A photograph of the claimant or claimants is taken and uploaded to the parcel number …Including the claimant/s photographs and copies of their identity documents Paper back ups are also kept for the village committee

The addition of external GPS devices has improved accuracy and significantly shortened data cleaning time Mapped parcels, parcel IDs, existing rights, owners IDs and disputes are all recorded in MAST and uploaded in the field The addition of external GPS devices has improved the accuracy of tablet GPS co-ordinates and significantly shortened data cleaning time

Data Correction 1 week after last parcel uploaded Done Simultaneously as Land Parcels are Uploaded to MAST Preparation of Maps for Public Display Data is uploaded as demarcation progresses and it takes about one week after the last parcel is demarcated to finalize and produce the maps for public display

Objections and Corrections Public Display of Maps and Registration Details for Residents to Check 2 weeks The maps and claim information are displayed at the village office for an objections and corrections period of two weeks for residents to check and approve their claims

Final Correction of Data and Preparation for Printing of CCROs Printing and Registration of CCROs 1 Printing team prints and registers 250 CCRO’s per day 1 week When the objections and corrections process is complete the final corrections are done and the CCROs are printed and registered A team of four district staff can register up to 250 CCROs per day

Finalizing and Delivery to Village Registry Office Issuance Ceremonies CCRO issuance ceremonies are arranged and this contributes to high collection rates by residents.

CCRO Issuance To date 88% of CCROs produced have been collected by claimants

Improved MAST Mapping Functions MAST mapping functions have been improved during the course of the program

Improvements to MAST More Data Uploaded in the Field Mapped parcels, parcel IDs, existing rights, owners IDs and disputes are all recorded and uploaded in the field Addition of existing CCROs and unclaimed land Output Standards Increased Maps and information for Public Display District , Village and Issuance Registration books Title outputs – automation of parcel and title numbers, and Statistical Monitoring and Evaluation (Identifies unique claimants, multiple parcel holders) Registration Process Automated Single most important factor for speeding up process Uploading scanned signatures for DLO, VC, VEO and Adjudicators reduces time wasted in the back-and-forth of the CCROs from office to the village for claimants to signatures Other improvements to MAST include: More Data is Uploaded in the Field for example mapped parcels, parcel IDs, owners’ IDs and disputes Existing CCROs and unclaimed land can also be uploaded Output Standards have Increased – for example: Large scale mapping is produced for public display District, Village and Issuance Registration books are printed through MAST Title outputs have improved with automatic generation of parcel and title numbers, and Statistical Monitoring and Evaluation reports can be generated The Registration Process has been Automated This is the Single most important contributor to speeding up the process The use of scanned signatures has reduced the time wasted in the back-and-forth from the district office to the village from six trips to one

Technical Register Under Social Tenure (TRUST) Post registration and future transactions registered and recorded at district level Provides a district based system for managing subsequent transactions and maintaining the registers in the longer term using simple open source technology It accommodates the following 9 transactions: CCRO registration (first/new) CCRO transfer and variation of ownership CCRO variation (land use, term) CCRO rectification register amendments (errors during registration) CCRO surrender (only right) CCRO termination (for split/merge cases) Registration of mortgage Variation of mortgage – discharge of mortgage Caveats registration and removal The Technical Register Under Social Tenure or TRUST is purpose designed software to deal with registration of future transactions It is a computerized system linked to MAST and has the capacity to manage 9 different transactions such as first registrations, transfers, mortgages and caveats With TRUST future transactions will be able to be registered and recorded and registers maintained at district level

TRUST Dashboard Application for transfer Property form (general tab) Map component (Editing/creating plot) The system has recently been installed in the District Land Office and staff have been trained and are testing the system but it has not yet been officially launched

Summary of Field Results to Date Verified 17 Village Land Certificates (VLCs) Prepared 30 new Village Land Use Plans (VLUPs) at an average cost of $1,800 Adjudicated and mapped over 32,000 land parcels in 22 villages Current gender ratio is 52% men to 48% women claimants Current disputes as a ratio of parcels adjudicated is very low, currently running at 0.2% Registered and delivered over 27,000 CCROs to 22 village registry offices Current costs are < US $10.00/CCRO includes costs for payment of field staff, transportation, outreach, fieldwork, stationery and CCRO production; excludes capital costs, project overheads and technical assistance To date we have: Verified 17 Village Land Certificates (VLCs) Prepared 30 new Village Land Use Plans (VLUPs) at an average cost of $1,800 Adjudicated and mapped over 32,000 land parcels in 22 villages The current gender ratio of ownership is 52% men to 48% women claimants. The current disputes as a ratio of parcels adjudicated is very low currently running at 0.2% Registered and delivered over 27,000 CCROs to 22 village registry offices The current costs are < US $10.00/CCRO This includes the costs for payment of field staff, transportation, outreach, fieldwork, stationery and CCRO production; It excludes capital costs, project overheads and technical assistance

Uptake Interest and uptake of LTA systems and procedures has been high Land Tenure Support Program (LTSP) funded by DFID/SIDA/DANIDA Ardhi University National Land Use Planning Commission African Wildlife Foundation and Sustain Africa Program (NGO) MLHHSD Rural Directorate 11 VLUPs and 12,000 land parcels mapped using MAST to date. Target of 36,000 CCROs in 30 villages in Morogoro Region 5 villages in Mkuranga District 3 villages in Uvinza District in Kigoma Region Most importantly, although the pilot is not yet complete, there has been a very high interest in replicating the processes and using MAST in other land registration programs The donor funded Land Tenure Support Program has adopted MAST and LTA processes for its large scale registration program Ardhi University which is the main university for land studies in Tanzania will use LTA and adopt MAST in 5 pilot villages The National Land Use Planning Commission and the Ministry of Lands’ Rural Directorate are doing likewise as is the large NGO African Wildlife Foundation and Sustain Africa Program All these organizations have undergone training with LTA and will be provided with ongoing support from us. 5 villages in Kilolo, Sumbawanga and Kilombero Districts 5,000 CCRO in 5 villages in Morogoro District

Scalability 1 field team can complete 6 villages a year Field Team 1 Demarcation and Adjudication 7 adjudication teams 70 parcels per day 350 per week Average village Iringa 1400 completed in 1 month Field Team 2 Demarcation and Adjudication 7 adjudication teams 70 parcels per day 350 per week Average village Iringa 1400 completed in 1 month Field Team 3 Demarcation and Adjudication 7 adjudication teams 70 parcels per day 350 per week Average village Iringa 1400 completed in 1 month Field Team 4 Demarcation and Adjudication 7 adjudication teams 70 parcels per day 350 per week Average village Iringa 1400 completed in 1 month 1 field team can complete 6 villages a year 4 field teams can complete 24 villages a year Tanzania +/- 12,500 villages (average size of 900 parcels) spread over 135 Districts 4 teams in each district = 3,240 villages a year  4 years 3 teams in each district = 2,430 villages a year  5-6 years 2 teams in each district = 1,620 villages a year  8 years Finally…we have taken a very rough estimate at the time it would take to complete a national first registration process based on the LTA model where 1 field team can complete 6 villages per year LTA and Iringa DLO fields 4 teams simultaneously Tanzania has 12,500 villages spread across 135 districts The time taken will range from 4 – 8 years depending on the number of teams that each District Land Office can field. Resources will dictate on the number of teams District Land Offices can field. THANK YOU 7/12/2019

Tanzania Land Tenure Assistance Program Tressan_Sullivan@dai.com Chief of Party Tanzania Land Tenure Assistance Program Tressan_Sullivan@dai.com 7/12/2019 FOOTER GOES HERE