Wartime Diplomacy The Big Three

Casablanca (1943) – Roosevelt & Churchill discussed “Victory on all fronts” with an “unconditional surrender”

Cairo (1493) – Roosevelt, Churchill, and Chiang Kai-Shek (China) met to plan the Normandy invasion.

Teheran Conference (1943) - Roosevelt and Churchill met with Stalin to discuss war strategy and plans for the post war world.

Yalta Conference (1945) - Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin outlined the division of postwar Germany into spheres of influence and planned for trials of war criminals and the Soviet Union promises to enter war against Japan

Potsdam Conference (1945) - Allied leaders (with Truman replacing FDR) warned Japan to surrender to prevent destruction.

War In Europe Allies plan to invade the beaches of Normandy, France, across the English Channel. Led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower Largest invasion in history, involving over 150,000 soldiers. The attack was costly in terms of men. Created a two front war in Europe Apply Your Knowledge: Why would creating a two front strategy in Europe to defeat Germany be effective?

JUNE 6th 1944 “D-DAY”

Victory in Europe • Hitler Commits suicide on April 30, 1945 during the Battle of Berlin •V-E Day – May 8, 1945 – War In Europe is Over!!!! •Japan refuses to surrender

•Developed by General Douglas MacArthur. War in the Pacific •The United States used the strategy of island hopping - a series of battles taking one island and then moving to the next after establishing a base on the previous island. •The United States was able to capture the islands of Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and the Philippines. •Developed by General Douglas MacArthur. Apply your knowledge: Why would island hopping be an effective strategy for the United States to use in the Pacific?

What should Truman Do?

Victory in Japan: The Atomic Bomb was used as an effort to bring war to a speedy conclusion and prevent further loss of life. •The Manhattan Project was the top secret program where American scientists successfully test the atomic bomb in New Mexico. •August 6, 1945 - The Enola Gay drops an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, killing 70,000-90,000 people. •August 9, 1945 - A second atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki killing 40,000 instantly. •V-J Day – August 14, 1945 – World War II is over.

Effects of the War Germany: •Germany is divided into West Germany and East Germany and occupied by the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union. •“denazification”

The Holocaust: Political Cartoon: What does this cartoon illustrate about the view of the Jewish people by the Nazis at the start of WWII?

The HOLOCAUST

Forced to leave home

Relocated to “Ghettos”

Slave Labor

Horror of the Camps…

Nuremburg Trials •1945-1946 -Nazi leaders put on trial for “crimes against humanity” •Resulting from Holocaust •Defense – they were only following orders •12 leaders were executed

Japan •Japan was occupied by the United States. •Emperor Hirohito was put on trial. •No army or navy •1947 – new Constitution created - democracy

United States •Demobilization- converting from a wartime to a peace time society. •Reduction in armed services and increased in consumer goods production.

United States •GI Bill – gave benefits, college education, medical treatments, home loans, and unemployement insurance to returning veterans. •Baby Boom– Growth in United States Population

Exit Slip: What do you believe was the biggest change to occur following World War II? Why?