Chapter 14 Section 2 Totalitarianism Case Study: Stalinist Russia Objective: Explain totalitarianism, the building of a totalitarian state in Russia, & the economic system under Stalin Vocabulary: Totalitarianism, Great Purge, Command Economy, Five- Year Plan, & Collective Farm

Setting the Stage Stalin dramatically transformed the government of the Soviet Union Stalin was determined that the Soviet Union become both politically & economically one of the most powerful nations in the world He controlled not only the government but many aspects of citizens’ private lives Remember Lenin viewed Stalin as dangerous

A Government of Total Control Totalitarianism – a government control over every aspect of public & private life The leaders crush opposition & create a sense of fear among the people No one is exempt from suspicion or accusations that he or she is an enemy of the state Totalitarianism challenges reason, freedom, human dignity, & the worth of the individual Mass communication made it possible to reach into all aspects of citizens’ life

Check for Understanding If you were to be a totalitarian leader, what methods of control & persuasion would you use to keep control? Sentence starter: I would use _______ to keep control because _________.

A Government of Total Control Stalin used terror, indoctrination, propaganda, censorship, & religious/ethnic persecution to gain total control The police spied on citizens & intimidated them; sometimes using brutal force Indoctrination is implemented at young age to make sure citizens have unconditional loyalty & support Totalitarian states spread propaganda & had complete control of all mass media Mold people’s mind Control of education is absolutely essential to glorify the leader & his policies & to convince all citizens that their unconditional loyalty & support are required “Enemies of the state” blame other races or religions when anything goes wrong

Stalin Builds a Totalitarian State Stalin began building his totalitarian state by destroying his enemies Stalin’s secret police monitored telephone lines, read mail, & planted informers everywhere In 1937, Stalin launched the Great Purge, a campaign of terror directed at eliminating anyone who threatened his power An estimated 8 to 13 million were killed as a result of the Great Purge Children even told authorities about disloyal remarks they heard at home “Crimes against the Soviet state”

Russian Propaganda & Censorship Stalin’s government controlled all newspapers, motion pictures, radio, & other sources of information He would not tolerate creativity that did not conform to the views of the state The government controlled all education systems, including college School stressed the importance of sacrifice & hard work to build the Communist state Stalin attacked religion mainly the Russian Orthodox Church Used propaganda to make the soviet look strong College professors & students who questioned the Communist Party risked losing their jobs or faced imprisonment Religious leaders were killed or sent to labor camps

Check for Understanding Why would it be important to control media & education when ruling as a dictator? Sentence Starter: It is important to control media & education as a dictator because __________.

Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy Stalin’s called for a command economy, a system in which the government made all economic decisions Political leaders identify the country’s economic needs & determine how to fulfill them Stalin outlines the first of several Five-Year Plans for the development of the Soviet Union’s economy However, their high quotas set the citizens up for failure The government limited the production of consumer goods & people faced shortages of housing, food, clothing, & other necessary goods

An Agricultural Revolution In 1928, the government began to seize over 25 million privately owned farms in the USSR Stalin created collective farms, where hundreds of families worked together producing food for the state 5 to 10 million peasants died as a direct result of Stalin’s agricultural revolution Peasants killed livestock & destroyed crops in protests to the take over

Daily Life Under Stalin Stalin totalitarian rule revolutionized Soviet society Soviet citizens lives improved but at a cost to their personal freedoms Women were given new educational opportunities By 1950, 75% of Soviet doctors were women Soviet women were expected to work full-time jobs, have kids, & clean the house Provide the state with future generations of loyal, obedient citizens

Total Control Achieved Stalin had forcibly transformed the Soviet Union into a totalitarian regime & an industrial & political power He ushered in a period of total social control & rule by terror, rather than constitutional government