Sports Medicine: Physical Fitness Body Composition

Bellwork: Write down the make and model of the vehicle that you ride in most often. Then include as many of the following specifications for that vehicle as you can : Year Engine size Transmission Oil type Recommended tire pressure

Objectives 1. Define terminology related to body composition 2. Determine factors influencing body fat 3. Identify ideal levels of body fat 4. Explore different methods of calculating body composition

Terminology: Body composition – the makeup of the body tissues, including muscle, bone, fat and other tissues Skinfold measurement - layers of fat under the skin that are measured to estimate body fat (subcutaneous) Skinfold caliper - a device used to measure the amount of fat beneath the skin Percent body fat – the amount of fat in a person, expressed as a percentage of total weight

Body Composition Typical person Lean body tissue = 75 to 85 % Includes muscle, bone, skin, organs (heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, etc.) Fat = 15 to 25 % A low percentage of body fat is desirable; however, some body fat is essential Insulates – helps body adapt to heat or cold Shock absorption – protects organs/bones from injury Source of stored energy Helps body use vitamins effectively

PROPERTY OF PIMA COUNTY JTED, 2010 Think-Pair-Share What factors influence a person’s level of body fat? Write down as many as you can think of! 3. Think-pair-share teacher presents a question teacher gives wait time for student to form answer teacher instructs students to share their answer with a partner teacher calls on non-volunteers to share with the class PROPERTY OF PIMA COUNTY JTED, 2010 3

Factors Influencing Body Fat 1. Heredity 2. Metabolism 3. Aging 4. Early fatness 5. Diet 6. Physical Activity

Ideal Levels of Body Fat Essential body fat = minimum amount of body fat to avoid health problems Teenage girls: Between 11 and 25 percent Obese = 35+ percent Teenage boys: Between 6 and 20 percent Obese = 30+ percent

Health Risks of Being Overfat High blood pressure High blood cholesterol Coronary heart disease Stroke Diabetes Some types of cancer (endometrial, breast, prostate & colon) Sleep apnea & breathing problems

Health Risks of Being Underfat Eating disorders Anorexia Bulimia Abnormal menstruation in females Loss of bone density Higher incidence of injuries

Methods of Assessing Body Fat Hydrostatic Weighing BodPod Skinfold Measurements Body Measurements Body Mass Index Height-Weight Charts Waist-to-Hip Ratio

Hydrostatic Weighing Based on the fact that lean mass (bone, muscle, connective tissue) sinks while body fat floats Weight is taken on land Lung capacity is also measured to account for air in the lungs Person is immersed in a tank of water & then weighed A formula applied to underwater weight & lung capacity to determine body fat + very accurate - requires time, money and expertise

Bod Pod A machine that measures weight (mass) Uses air to measure volume (change in pressure) Calculates density (mass/volume) Takes into account the air in the lungs + very accurate - limited availability

Skinfold Measurements Caliper is used to measure skinfolds at certain sites Females: triceps + suprailiac + thigh Males: chest + abdomen + thigh Amount of body fat is determined using age and sum of skinfold measurements + easy - accuracy (estimate)

Body Measurements Body measurements are used to estimate a person’s percentage of body fat Females = height & hip Males = weight & waist Using a chart, line up the body measurements in the two side columns and determine the percent body fat value in the middle column

Body Mass Index (BMI) Indicator of body composition Take the following measurements: Height: measured in inches, without shoes Weight: measure in pounds, without shoes and minimal clothing Check chart to find BMI rating

Height / Weight Charts Method to estimate percent body fat Comparison between a person’s height and weight Obtain the measurements as follows: Weigh the person on an accurate scale with shoes removed and minimal clothing Measure the person without shoes Then compare the two measurements The ideal ratio is 2:1 or greater

Waist-to-Hip Ratio Method to estimate percentage of body fat Comparison between the circumference of a person’s waist and a person’s hips Waist circumference: measure the person’s waist at the level of the navel Hip circumference: measure the person’s hips at the widest point Using a chart, line up the body measurements in the two side columns and determine the percent fat value in the middle column

PROPERTY OF PIMA COUNTY JTED, 2010 12 Word Summary 48 37 18 21 14 13 23 In 12 words or less, summarize one method of measuring a person’s body composition from today's lesson. 26. 12 Word Summary in 12 words or less, summarize the most important aspects from today's lesson teacher uses a strategy to check all PROPERTY OF PIMA COUNTY JTED, 2010 26