The Periodic Table of Elements S8P1.f Elements Song

Objective Describe the basic organization of the periodic table of elements. Use the periodic table to determine the number of electron shells and valence electrons of an element.

What is the Periodic Table of Elements? The Periodic Table of Elements is a way of organizing the elements in relation to each other so it is easy to find elements that have similar properties. Why is it helpful? It allows scientists to make predictions and explain events.

Important Questions What is the purpose of the Periodic Table? It presents and organizes information about all the elements. What is an element? An element is a pure substance that does not break down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

Important Questions, cont. How are elements arranged in the table? They are arranged according to their properties, or characteristics. This includes atomic number. What does atomic number tell you? It tells you the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (id). It also tells you how many electrons the atom has.

6 C Carbon 12.01 ATOMIC NUMBER SYMBOL NAME ATOMIC MASS

FINDING PROTONS, NEUTRONS, & ELECTRONS # PROTONS = ATOMIC # # ELECTRONS = # PROTONS ATOMIC MASS = # PROTONS + # NEUTRONS # NEUTRONS = ATOMIC MASS - # PROTONS

Important Questions, cont. What types of organization will I find on the periodic table? The elements are arranged in horizontal rows in order of increasing atomic number. Each row (horizontal) is a period. There are 7 periods.

NONMETALS METALS METALLOIDS GAS LIQUID L SOLID L L

What is special about the elements in a period? All elements in a period have the same number of energy levels. Elements in the first row have one energy level. Elements in the second row have two energy levels. Elements in the third row have three energy levels, and so on.

PERIODS *Each row is called a “period” The elements in each period have the same number of electron shells 1st Period=1 Shell 2nd Period= 2 Shells 3rd Period= 3 Shells 4th Period = 4 Shells

NONMETALS METALS METALLOIDS GAS LIQUID L SOLID L L

Does the periodic table have groups or families? Yes! A vertical column in the table is a group, or family. The elements in a group, or family, have the same number of electrons in their outer energy level. This means the elements in a group, or family, have similar properties. Some groups, or families, have names. The Element Song #2

Groups and Families Each column is called a “group” or family. Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in its outer orbital, also known as its outer shell. The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons.”

Valence Electrons Same group or family

METALS NONMETALS METALLOIDS Solid at room temp, except Hg Malleable: able to be shaped Ductile: able to be pulled into wire Have luster: are shiny Good conductors Lose electrons in chemical reactions Most are gases, except Br Brittle (easily broken) in solid phase Dull Poor conductors Gain electrons in chemical reactions Characteristics of metals Characteristics of nonmetals FALL ALONG THE JAGGED LINE (stair steps) on the Periodic Table METALLOIDS

METALS Solid at room temp, except Hg Malleable: able to be shaped Ductile: able to be pulled into wire Have luster: are shiny Good conductors Lose electrons in chemical reactions

NONMETALS Most are gases, except Br Brittle in solid phase Dull Poor conductors Gain electrons in chemical reactions

METALLOIDS CHARACTERISTICS OF METALS CHARACTERISTICS OF NONMETALS FALL ALONG THE JAGGED LINE

USING YOUR VENN DIAGRAM: HOW ARE METALS, NONMETALS, & METALLOIDS ALIKE/DIFFERENT?