A SEMINAR ON First Law and Concept of Spontaneity Rayat Shikshan Sanstha's S.M. JOSHI COLLEGE, HADAPSAR, PUNE-28 CHP-110 THERMODYNAMICS A SEMINAR ON First Law and Concept of Spontaneity Prof. J.C. Pradeep Kumar (Assistant Professor)

Limitations and Spontaneous Process TOPIC: First Law of Thermodynamics, Limitations and Spontaneous Process

PRESENTATION INCLUIDES First Law of Thermodynamics Limitations of First Law of Thermodynamics Spontaneous Process

DEFINATION: Thermodynamics It is a branch of physical science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy (such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy), and, by extension, of the relationships between all forms of energy.

First Law of Thermodynamics Law of Conservation Of Energy “OR” Law of Conservation Of Energy

First Law of Thermodynamics STATEMENT: Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed; it can be transferred from one form to another form.

Equation of first Law of Thermodynamics where DU = Internal Energy q= heat w= work done The internal energy of a system can be change by doing work on it or by heating /cooling it.

Heat (q) :-- The quantity of heat energy that flows across the boundary between system and surrounding because of temperature difference. Work (W) :-- The quantity of energy that flows across boundary between system and surrounding change in mass in surrounding. Internal energy :- It is the total energy of system (K.E & P.E ).

LIMITATIONS OF FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

No restriction on the flow of heat. The first law establishes definite relationship between the heat absorbed at the work performed by a system. First law does not indicate the DIRECTION heat can flow from a cold substance to hot or hot to cold. For example, We can not extract heat from the ice by cooling it to a low temperature; some external work has to be done.

feasibility of the reaction: 2)Does not specify the feasibility of the reaction: First law does not specify that process is feasible or not. Eg:- When a rod is heated at one end then equilibrium has to be obtained which is possible only by some expenditure of energy.

3)First law State that the energy of one form can be converted into an equivalent amount of energy of another form but does not tells heat energy can not be converted into equivalent amount of energy.

SPONTANEOUS PROCESS

A spontaneous process is one that will occur without any energy input from the surroundings. It is a process that will occur on its own.

All natural process are spontaneous means irreversible.

Why Do Spontaneous Processes Occur? We now know that spontaneous processes occur, but why? The second law of thermodynamics gives us the answer. The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of the universe increases for any spontaneous process.

ANY QUESTIONS….?????

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