1. Heat Exchange -Heat ALWAYS travels in the direction of: HOT  COLD
-thermal equilibrium: two or more objects in contact both reach the same temperature

2. Heat Exchange
-Endothermic process: heat is ABSORBED IN from the environment
-absorbs heat, and their equations can be written with heat as a reactant.
-Exothermic process: heat is TRANSFERRED OUT to the environment
-release heat, and their equations can be written with heat as a product.

3. Heat Exchange
-Heat released to or absorbed from the surroundings comes from the making and breaking of chemical bonds in a chemical reaction
-Breaking a bond always requires energy and making a bond almost always releases energy. The amount of energy per bond depends on the strength of the bond.

4. Heat Exchange
-system: the object being studied with regards to heat (e.g. a beaker, flask, or house)
-surroundings: everything outside the system
(e.g. the environment, outside)
-heat: process of energy transfer
-energy: a measurement of the capacity for a system to do work or transfer heat
-internal energy: degree of motions of atoms

5. Heat Exchange
-Heat is described as flowing from the system to the surroundings or from the surroundings to the system.
-The system is defined by its boundaries, and the surroundings are outside the boundaries, with “the universe” frequently considered as the surroundings.