Gender sensitization

Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org Overview of session Why a gender approach? Overview of key concepts Gender development approaches Women’s empowerment cycle 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Why a gendered approach? Human rights issue Efficient use of resources Poverty alleviation Equity issue 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Core concepts and approaches to gender analysis 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org Key concepts Gender equality Gender analysis Gender roles – sex vs. gender Practical versus strategic (Women’s) empowerment Gender mainstreaming 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org Sex... Refers to biological differences between males and females For women, refers to the ability to bear and suckle babies For men, refers to ability to impregnate women 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org Gender roles Reproductive Productive Community management 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Gender as a social construct “One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman. No biological, physiological or economic fate determines the figure that the human being presents in society: it is civilization as a whole that produces this indeterminate … which is described as feminine.” (Simone de Beauvoir, 1972) 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org Gender equality Can be defined variously: equality under the law equality of opportunity equality of voice not necessarily equality of outcomes 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org Women’s empowerment Access to resources Participation in decision-making Achieving control and power Voice in governing bodies Empowerment entails process of change 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org Gender analysis (1) Critical examination of a situation or policy to understand its impacts on women and men Provides information to determine the most effective strategies to support gender equality 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org Gender analysis (2) Who benefits from the policy? Is the existing gender division challenged? Do opportunities for change exist? How can they best be used? What is the long-term impact on women’s empowerment? 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Gender Analysis in ICT (3) Gender analysis in evaluation: systematic assessment of impacts of project activities on women and men. Gender analysis within an ICT context: power relations involving class, race, ethnicity, age, and geographic location interact with gender to produce complex inequalities relating to social change in general, and changes brought on by ICTs in particular. Disaggregating data by sex, analysing the sexual division of labour, and understanding the gender disparities of access to and control over resources 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Practical versus strategic Practical needs e.g. shelter, employment, food Strategic gender interests Social and institutional discrimination against women Existing social systems challenged 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Gendered approaches to development Women in Development (WID) Gender and Development (GAD) Gender mainstreaming 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Women in Development - WID Planners and development workers concentration on WID issues arose from the understanding that women’s contributions and development needs were being ignored and that their failure to account for women’s needs and possible contributions led to the failure of many development projects. The conceptualisation of development projects therefore frequently only involved women as participant and beneficiaries. “Integrationist” approach 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Gender and Development - GAD Focus shifted from women as a group, to ‘socially determined’ relation between men and women. GAD focuses on social, economic, political and cultural forces that determine how men and women might participate in, benefit from and control project resources and activities differently. “Agenda setting” or transformative approach 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Gender mainstreaming (1) “Taking account of gender concerns in policy, programme, administrative and financial activities, and in organisational procedures, thereby contributing to a profound organisational transformation” (UNDP definition) “Mainstreaming a gender perspective is the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or program in any area and at all levels” (ECOSOC, definition) 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Gender Mainstreaming (2) We are mainstreaming: legitimacy of gender equality as a fundamental value gender equality as a societal issue, not just for women gender equity pursued from the centre rather than the margins gender equality goals influence mainstream economic and social policies women and men able to influence the agenda and basic priorities collective efforts by women to redefine the development agenda 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Longwe’s “Women’s empowerment cycle” Control Mobilisation Welfare Conscientisation Access 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org

Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org Gender sensitization 5/15/2019 Multimedia Training Kit, www.itrainonline.org