Cellular Respiration

Glucose Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Water Energy Enzymes 36 C6H12O6 +6 O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Glucose Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Water Energy

Energy from electrons (C-H bonds) Needs to be converted to a usable Metabolism Energy from electrons (C-H bonds) Needs to be converted to a usable Source…..ATP

How do electrons go to where they are needed? Carrier molecules (shuttles) NAD + -- NADH FAD +  FADH2 CoEnzymes

Where does Respiration Occur? In the Mitochondria of eukaryotic cells

The Main purpose of Respiration? Energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

ATP Synthesis Substrate Level Phosphorylation The reshuffling of chemical bonds to couple ATP formation to a highly exergonic reaction. energy Adenosine phosphate

2. Chemiosmosis Respiration create a proton gradient by the transport of electrons by carrier Molecule that drive a proton pump. The Protons diffuse back into the matrix Through a protein called ATPase, where ATP is then formed.

Start with: Glucose Shuttles 2 ATP Glycolysis 1. Start with: Glucose Shuttles 2 ATP Where: Cytoplasm

End up with: 2 Pyruvate, 4 ATP (2 net) More Shuttles What Happens: Pyruvate Glucose (3C) (6C) Pyruvate (3C) End up with: 2 Pyruvate, 4 ATP (2 net) More Shuttles

Pyruvate Oxidation 2. Shuttles Where: Mitochondrial Matrix Start with: 2 Pyruvate Shuttles Where: Mitochondrial Matrix

Pyruvate Acetyl CoA What Happens: Each pyruvate becomes an acetyl group which combines with CoEnzyme A to become Acetyl CoA CO2 Pyruvate Acetyl CoA (3C) (2C) End up with: 2 Acetyl CoA 2 CO2, Shuttles

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) 3. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) Start with: Acetyl CoA, Shuttles Where: Mitochondrial Matrix

* 2 trips of cycle to breakdown 1 glucose What Happens: Acetyl CoA + Oxaloacetic Acid (2C) (4C) Repeats Citric Acid (6C) Oxaloacetic Acid 2CO2 (4C) * 2 trips of cycle to breakdown 1 glucose

4 CO2 2 ATP Shuttles (many) with Many electrons End up with: 4 CO2 2 ATP Shuttles (many) with Many electrons

Oxidative Phosphorylation (Electron Transport Chain) 4. Start with: Shuttles (to carry H+) Oxygen Where: Inner Mitochondrial membrane

molecules are produced by Chemiosmosis. What Happens: Electrons are passed down a chain of enzymes and CoEnzymes to a final electron acceptor of to form molecules are produced by Chemiosmosis. Oxygen Water 32 ATP End up with: H2O, 32 ATP

Environment (animals) Photosynthesis (plants) Final story Used to form CO2 and H2O C6H12O6 +6 O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Formed in Pyruvate oxidation And Krebs Formed at Electron transport chain Environment (animals) Photosynthesis (plants) *used in glycolysis 4 made and 2 used in glycolysis 2 made in Krebs 32 made in transport chain by chemiosmosis

THE END