1. Cellular Respiration

2. ATP ADP + P + Coupled Reaction + Energy Energy Coupled Reaction +

3. III. Cellular Respiration
Overview:

4. DIGESTION AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION
MATTER and ENERGY in FOOD
MONOMERS and WASTE
DIGESTION AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION
ADP + P
ATP

5. III. Cellular Respiration
Overview:
Focus on core process…
Glucose metabolism
GLYCOLYSIS

6. III. Cellular Respiration Overview: Focus on core process…
Glucose metabolism
GLYCOLYSIS
Oxygen Present? Oxygen Absent?
Gateway
CAC
ETC
Fermentation
LOTS OF ATP
A little ATP

7. Glucose 2 pyruvate C6H12O6 2 C3 III. Cellular Respiration Overview:
1. Glycolysis:
- Occurs in presence OR absence of oxygen gas.
- All cells do this! (very primitive pathway)
- Occurs in the cytoplasm of all cells
Glucose
C6H12O6
2 pyruvate
2 C3

8. Glucose 2 pyruvate C6H12O6 2 C3 III. Cellular Respiration Overview:
1. Glycolysis:
- Energy in 2 ATP is used to ‘activate’/start reaction
2 ATP 2 ADP + P
Glucose
C6H12O6
2 pyruvate
2 C3

9. Glucose 2 pyruvate C6H12O6 2 C3 III. Cellular Respiration Overview:
1. Glycolysis:
- Energy in 2 ATP is used to ‘activate’/start reaction
- breaking the C-C bond in glucose releases e- /Energy
- electrons accepted by NAD NAD- +H NADH
2 ATP 2 ADP + P
Glucose
C6H12O6
2 pyruvate
2 C3
4 ADP + P ATP
NAD NADH

10. Glucose 2 pyruvate C6H12O6 2 C3 III. Cellular Respiration Overview:
1. Glycolysis:
- As glycolysis proceeds, NAD drops and can limit the
rate of glycolysis (BAD)
- Life evolved ways to recycle NADH into NAD so
glycolysis can continue
2 ATP 2 ADP + P
Glucose
C6H12O6
2 pyruvate
2 C3
4 ADP + P ATP
NAD NADH

11. III. Cellular Respiration Overview: Focus on core process…
Glucose metabolism
GLYCOLYSIS
Oxygen Present? Oxygen Absent?
Gateway
CAC
ETC
Fermentation
LOTS OF ATP
A little ATP

12. III. Cellular Respiration Overview: Glycolysis Anaerobic Respiration
Ethanol Fermentation: Some bacteria, plants, yeasts
Lactate Fermentation: Some bacteria, animals

13. Alcohol fermentation CO2 2 NADH 2 NAD+ 2 Acetaldehyde 2 ATP 2 ADP + 2
LE 9-17a
CO2
2 NADH
2 NAD+
2 Acetaldehyde
2 ATP
2 ADP + 2 i
2 Pyruvate
2 Ethanol
Glucose
Glycolysis P 2
+ 2 H+
Alcohol fermentation

14. Lactic acid fermentation
LE 9-17b
+ 2 H+
2 NADH
2 NAD+
2 ATP
2 ADP + 2 P
2 Pyruvate
Glucose
Glycolysis i
Lactate
2 Lactate
Lactic acid fermentation

15. III. Cellular Respiration Overview: Focus on core process…
Glucose metabolism
GLYCOLYSIS
Oxygen Present? Oxygen Absent?
Gateway
CAC
ETC
Fermentation
LOTS OF ATP
A little ATP

16. III. Cellular Respiration
Overview:
Glycolysis
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration

17. III. Cellular Respiration Overview: Glycolysis Anaerobic Respiration
- Had Glycolysis: C6 (glucose) C3 (pyruvate) + ATP, NADH
a - Gateway step: 2C C2 (acetyl) + 2C (CO2) + NADH
b - Citric Acid Cycle: 2C2 (acetyl) C (CO2) + NADH, FADH, ATP
c - Electron Transport Chain: convert energy in NADH, FADH to ATP

18. energy harvested as NADH
LE 9-10
Gateway step: 2C C2 (acetyl) + 2C (CO2) + NADH
energy harvested as NADH
NAD+
NADH
+ H+
Acetyl Co A
Pyruvate
CO2
Coenzyme A
Transport protein

19. CoA – C2 C6 C4 C5 + CO2 C4 + CO2 b - Citric Acid Cycle: NAD NADH NAD
FAD
FADH2 C4
+ CO2
ADP + P
ATP
At this point, all carbons in the glucose have been separated in single-carbon CO2 molecules.

20. III. Cellular Respiration Overview: Glycolysis Anaerobic Respiration
a - Glycolysis: C6 (glucose) C3 (pyruvate) + ATP, NADH
b - Gateway step: 2C C2 (acetyl) + 2C (CO2) + NADH
c - Citric Acid Cycle: 2C2 (acetyl) C (CO2) + NADH, FADH, ATP
d - Electron Transport Chain: convert energy in NADH, FADH to ATP

21. LE 9-15
ETC: energy and electrons from NADH and FADH are used to pump H+ against gradient to inner membrane space…potential E.
Inner
mitochondrial
membrane
Citric
acid
cycle
Oxidative
phosphorylation:
electron transport
and chemiosmosis
Glycolysis
ATP
ATP
ATP H+ H+ H+ H+
Protein complex
of electron
carriers
Cyt c
Intermembrane
space Q IV I
III
ATP
synthase
Inner
mitochondrial
membrane II
2H+ + 1/2 O2
H2O
FADH2
FAD
NADH
+ H+
NAD+
ADP + P
ATP i
(carrying electrons
from food) H+
Mitochondrial
matrix
Electron transport chain
Electron transport and pumping of protons (H+),
Which create an H+ gradient across the membrane
Chemiosmosis
ATP synthesis powered by the flow
of H+ back across the membrane
Oxidative phosphorylation

22. Chemiosmosis: E in flow of H+ used to make bond in ATP.
LE 9-15
ETC: energy and electrons from NADH and FADH are used to pump H+ against gradient to inner membrane space…potential E.
Inner
mitochondrial
membrane
Citric
acid
cycle
Oxidative
phosphorylation:
electron transport
and chemiosmosis
Glycolysis
ATP
ATP
ATP H+ H+ H+ H+
Protein complex
of electron
carriers
Cyt c
Intermembrane
space Q IV I
III
ATP
synthase
Inner
mitochondrial
membrane II
2H+ + 1/2 O2
H2O
FADH2
FAD
NADH
+ H+
NAD+
ADP + P
ATP i
(carrying electrons
from food)
O2 is only used HERE, to accept electrons. H+ binds to balance the charge, creating WATER H+
Mitochondrial
matrix
Electron transport chain
Electron transport and pumping of protons (H+),
Which create an H+ gradient across the membrane
Chemiosmosis
ATP synthesis powered by the flow
of H+ back across the membrane
Chemiosmosis: E in flow of H+ used to make bond in ATP.
Oxidative phosphorylation

23. III. Cellular Respiration Overview: Glycolysis Anaerobic Respiration
d - Electron Transport Chain: convert energy in NADH, FADH to ATP
- OXYGEN is just an electron ACCEPTOR
- WATER is produced as a metabolic waste
- All carbons in glucose have been separated
- Energy has been harvested and stored in bonds in ATP

24. If O2 is NOT present, the ETC backs up and NADH and FADH can’t give up their electrons and H+ to the ETC

25. What happens then????
If O2 is NOT present, the ETC backs up and NADH and FADH can’t give up their electrons and H+ to the ETC

26. NADH is recycled through FERMENTATION to NAD so at least GLYCOLYSIS can continue!!
If O2 is NOT present, the ETC backs up and NADH and FADH can’t give up their electrons and H+ to the ETC

27. FOOD
CO2, water, and waste
ATP
ADP + P
ANABOLISM WORK

28. Phosphorylation of myosin causes it to toggle and bond to actin; release of phosphate causes it to return to low energy state and pull actin…contraction.

29. FOOD
CO2, water, and waste
ATP
ADP + P
ANABOLISM WORK