Indian Independence Movement The British in India

Vocabulary Civil disobedience/ nonviolent protest/ passive resistance- Refusal to obey an unjust law Nonalignment- to remain neutral Self Determination- independence

Key People/ Groups Mohandas Gandhi Jawaharlal Nehru Indian National Congress Mohammed Jinnah The Muslim League

Causes British Imperialism Sepoy Mutiny Massacre of Sepoys Indian support of British during WWI in exchange for independence WWII left Britain unable to maintain an empire

In his book Indian Home Rule, Gandhi asked the question, “Why do you want to drive away the English?” He replied with the following statement: . . . “Because India has become impoverished by their Government. They take away our money from year to year. The most important posts are reserved for themselves. We are kept in a state of slavery. They behave insolently [insultingly] towards us and disregard our feelings. . . .” Source: Mohandas Gandhi, Indian Home Rule, Navajivan Publishing, 1938, reprinted in 1946 (adapted)

Salt March- 1930

What was the purpose of the Salt March?

Homespun Movement

What was the goal of the Homespun Movement?

Amritsar Massacre British soldiers open fire on unarmed Sikhs during prayer service last straw British image is tarnished India is free.

Immediate Effects India gains independence, but at the cost of partition Pakistan and India are now two separate countries Ethnic, religious and territorial conflicts erupt Gandhi goes on Hunger Strike to stop the violence Gandhi is assassinated by Hindu extremists During the Cold War, India followed a policy of non-alignment. Caste System is outlawed, but many ignore the legislation

Hunger Strike “When he saw the extent of the bloodshed [ between Hindus and Muslims], Mahatma Gandhi again turned to non-violent protest. He went on a hunger strike, saying he would not eat until the violence stopped..” ~BBC World News

Assassination

Long-term Effects- Connections to Today India and Pakistan are still fighting over Kashmir Religious tensions and border conflicts threaten the world as both now have nuclear weapons

What is the message of the previous cartoon?