The Calvin Cycle Chemiosmosis ADP + P ATP formed

Why does a plant need water?? The water that a plant uses for photosynthesis is broken down into Hydrogen ions (H+), electrons & Oxygen The e- are used to replace the ones that leave from the first chlorophyll molecules in PSII The oxygen is released as a waste product

The process of breaking water down is called hydrolysis 4H+ + 4e- + O2 Hydrolysis Breakdown of water 4 H+ (protons) Replaces e- lost in PSII 4 e- 2 Oxygen Waste product

STEP 2: The Calvin Cycle The first step all took place IN the thylakoid The second step happens OUTSIDE the thylakoid but still inside the chloroplast

The Calvin Cycle is a carbon fixation cycle This means that plants take CO2 from the air and turn it into carbohydrates for themselves & other organisms to use for food Most of a plant is made up of carbon This carbon comes from the air!!

3CO2 enter the reaction 9 ATP are used 6 NADPH are used The Calvin Cycle 3CO2 enter the reaction 9 ATP are used 6 NADPH are used 1 carbohydrate is made 3 CO2 enter 9 ATP used 6 NADPH used 1 Carbohydrate made

Compare/Contrast the two steps of Photosynthesis Step 1: PSII & PSI Sunlight & water Step 2: Calvin Cycle CO2 Happens in the thylakoid Happens INSIDE the chloroplast, but not in the thylakoid Makes energy (chemiosmosis, PSI) Makes carbohydrates (food)

Overview of photosynthesis Plants take in CO2, water & sunlight Plants give off Oxygen as a waste product of photosynthesis Plants use the carbon from the CO2 to make carbohydrates 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy -----> C6H12O6 + 6O2