Paraphrase, Quote, Summary, Citation

Quoting A quotation must be identical to the original, using a segment of the source. A quotation must match the source document “word for word” and must be attributed to the original author.

Quotation Example Original Sentence: It is commonly accepted among the scientific community that we all dream, although some of us might not remember our dreams. “It is commonly accepted among the scientific community that we all dream, although some of us might not remember our dreams” (Bryant).

When to Quote Directly Use the direct quotes to: 1) provide important statistical (a fact with a number) information 2) emphasize a point 3) provide an example 4) when using a primary source

Quote “Harrison Bergeron “ The year was 2081, and everybody was finally equal. They weren’t only equal before God and the law. They were equal every which way. Nobody was smarter than anybody else. Nobody was better looking than anybody else.” (Vonnegut)

Paraphrase Involves putting a passage from source material into your own words.

Paraphrase Example Original Sentence- “The man himself never stood taller than five feet, six inches tall, but in the realm of American literature, William Faulkner is a giant.” Paraphrase- Although he was short, William Faulkner was a major American Writer (Andrews).

When to Paraphrase Paraphrasing is most useful when you provide information that you acquired from secondary sources.

Paraphrase “Harrison Bergeron” “ The year was 2081, and everybody was finally equal. They weren’t only equal before God and the law. They were equal every which way. Nobody was smarter than anybody else. Nobody was better looking than anybody else.” (Vonnegut) We are in the year 2081, and all the people in society were equal. No one stood out. Everyone looked and acted the same. (Vonnegut)

Summary involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s).

Summary Example Original Paragraph “William Cuthbert Falkner was born on September 25, 1897, in New Albany, Mississippi, the first of four sons born to Murry and Maud Butler Falkner. He was named after his great-grandfather, William Clark Faulkner, the “Old Colonel,” who had been killed eight years earlier in the streets of Ripley, Mississippi.

Summary Example Summary- Faulkner was born on September 25, 1897. He was born in New Albany to Murry and Maud Butler Falkner. He was named for his grandfather William Clark Faulkner (Andrews).

When to Summarize When you want to establish background or offer an overview of a topic. When you want to describe common knowledge (from several sources) about a topic When you want to determine the main ideas of a single source.

Summarize “Harrison Bergeron” “Harrison Bergeron” is a story about equality in a futuristic dystopian society. A mother and father are sitting watching the ballet, when they see their son on the TV… (Vonnegut)

QUESTIONS?