Animal Husbandry By: DHRUBA MANDAL

What is it ? It is the branch of agriculture concerned with the breeding of farm animals: Cattle Pigs Sheep Horses Poultry

History of Husbandry Domestication of wild animals started in the Prehistoric period, and they were: Sheep (northern Iraq) Goats (same region)

Modern Development Selective breeding Advances in animal nutrition Vet medicine Artificial insemination Embryo transfer

Farm Specialists Breeders Milkers Feeders Health specialists Vets

Cattle have been domesticated since the Neolithic period Cattle Raising Cattle have been domesticated since the Neolithic period

Breeds of Cattle A breed is a group of animals of common descent, possessing distinctive characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same species

The Cattle Family Cow Milking cow Heifer Milker Calf Ox Steer Bull

It is divided into two types Cattle raising It is divided into two types Dairy cattle Beef Cattle

Breeds of Cattle Dairy cattle Pezzata rossa Holstein Black/White Brown Swiss

Breeds of Cattle Beef cattle Chianina Limousine Simmenthal Charolais

Cows are Ruminants They have a digestive system that allows them to regurgitate and rechew food The cud is digested by specialized microorganisms that live in the rumen

Stomach Rumen (fermentation vat) Reticulum (rumen’s “assistant”) Omasum (dehydrator) Abomasum (true stomach)

Cows’ Life Gestation period is 9 months Newborn calf weighs 35-40 kg Dairy cows are slaughtered when they are 5 years old Dairy cows provide 90% of world’s milk production Farmers use machines to milk 100 cows for 1 hour

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