RE-CAP Gender socialisation: True or false? Gender is the biological difference between men and women. Stereotypes can influence the way we treat boys and girls. Gender socialisation is the process of developing our gender identity and how we come to see ourselves as either masculine or feminine. We only develop our gender identity in the family. Canalisation is the process in which children are ‘chanelled’ into expected forms of behaviour according to boys and girls.

4 marks exam questions Explain what sociologists mean by gender socialisation (4 marks) Make sure you follow DEEC: Define Explain Example Criticise/compare

QUESTION – PEER MARKING Q. Explain what sociologists mean by gender socialisation (4 marks) Award 1 mark for each part of DEEC: Define (1) – Award ONE mark for a clear definition: the process of learning/developing our gender identity Explain (1) – Award one mark for explaining the definition further: this is the where we come to see ourselves as either masculine or feminine Example (1) – One example: different toys are given depending on whether a child is a boy or a girl (boys = toy cars / girls = dolls) / gendered language (boy = ‘my soldier’ / girl = ‘princess’) Criticise/compare (1) – one criticism or comparison: however, biological approach argues that some aspects of gender are due to nature as results of genes / hormone

What is social control? Grade A/A* - will be able to assess the extent to which our behaviour is controlled by agents of social control. Grade B – will be able to explain how our behaviour is controlled by agents of social control. Grade C – will be able to describe the two types of social control using examples.

What is social control? Agents of socialisation (e.g. family, school, work, peer groups, mass media) also have a controlling influence on our lives. All of these agents put pressure on us to follow the norms, rules and laws of society. GLOSSARY: Social control refers to the methods used to persuade people to follow the norms, rules and laws of society.

Social control: the family The family is a key agent of social control TASK – In pairs, discuss and write down your answers to the following questions: Make a list of norms which the family persuades us to follow. If a close family member asks you to do something, what makes you do it? What might happen if you don’t do what your parents ask or break a rule at home?

How does the family persuade us to follow the norms, rules and law? Many of us will do what our family members (especially the more senior) ask us to because of the possible sanctions that may result. GLOSSARY – Sanctions: Agreed reward for positive actions or penalty for negative actions.

What sanctions are used? TASK – Come up with examples of positive and negative sanctions that could be given by the family, school and peer group: Agent of social control Positive sanctions Negative sanctions Family School Peer group

Sanctions If you follow the rules at school or do as your parents ask – what positive sanction might you receive? If you break the school rules or go against what your parents ask – what negative sanction might you receive?

How do our peers persuade us to follow the norms and rules? TASK – Discuss the following questions: In what ways do your peers persuade you to follow the norms and rules? What might your peers do if you don’t go along with the group? Some peer groups, such as criminal gangs, persuade you to follow rules that lead to crime. If you were a gang member, why might you follow the gang’s rules? Acceptance (fear of being rejected) Peer pressure

Define Explain Example Criticise / compare 4 marks exam questions What rule do you follow to answer 4 marks questions? Define Explain Example Criticise / compare

DEEC Mix-up Explain what sociologists mean by agents of social control (4) Identify which part is D E E or C: People tend to follow the rules because of negative or positive sanctions the agents can apply. There are formal and informal agents of social control Agents of social control are the different groups or institutions which persuade people to follow the norms, rules and laws of society. Not everyone follows the rules - for example criminals, so social control is not always successful. An agent of social control is the family who teach you the norms and values of society. EXPLAIN DEFINE CRITICISE EXAMPLE

What is the difference between formal and informal social control? So far, we have mostly discussed how our behaviour is controlled by the people around us – family and peers - this is Informal social control. Formal social control is when our behaviour is controlled through organisations that enforce social order – e.g. the police, prisons, the courts.

DEEC Mix-up Explain what sociologists mean by formal social control (4) Identify which part is D E E or C: Explain what sociologists mean by formal social control (4) Identify which part is D E E or C: This is different to informal social control which is where the people around us control our behaviour. The police regulating social activity through warnings and arrests is a form of formal social control. Formal social control refers to the role of legal organisations that persuade us to follow the rules. They often use negative sanctions such as formal warnings, to persuade people to follow the rules. This is different to informal social control which is where the people around us control our behaviour. The police regulating social activity through warnings and arrests is a form of formal social control. Formal social control refers to the role of legal organisations that persuade us to follow the rules. They often use negative sanctions such as formal warnings, to persuade people to follow the rules. COMPARE EXAMPLE DEFINE EXPLAIN

Explain what sociologists mean by informal social control 4 marks exam questions TASK – Answer the two 4 marks questions below. Remember to follow DEEC. Explain what sociologists mean by informal social control

Support your opinion with at least one reason. Plenary Which agent of social control do you think is the most effective in persuading people to follow the rules? Support your opinion with at least one reason.