Theoretical Perspectives

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Presentation transcript:

Theoretical Perspectives

What are theoretical foundations? Theories that provide alternate interpretations of big ideas Different perspectives to view our “key concepts” (from last time) Depend on context In this instance – how do we explain how/why states seek power?

Theory 1: Realism View world in competitive terms Global politics dominated by states (rather than other orgs or actors) States act in own self-interest (national security) Theorist: John Mearsheimer ---- “Structural” Realism International system is anarchic ----- no credible power above the states States can’t be sure of other states’ intentions/ abilities

Theory 2: Liberalism More cooperative view of world Many actors influence outcomes (not just states, but also IGOs, MNCs, NGOs, individual actors, etc….) Primary concern is for justice, liberty, equality Theorist: Joseph Nye Soft power

Theory 3: Critical Theories Umbrella term for theories that critique 1+ major aspects of other theories, current world order, or ways of organizing life Ex: feminism, environmentalism, post-colonialism, Marxism Theorist: Antonio Gramsci (first ½ of 1900s) Cultural hegemony: Ruling class rules over culturally diverse society, their ideas become “norm” & seen as good for everyone, even if only good for ppl in power

More on realism & liberalism Mearsheimer explains structural realism: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXllDh6rD18 (9) Joseph Nye’s TED Talk on global power shifts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=796LfXwzIUk (18)