Structural Equation Model of Smartphone Addiction Based on Adult Attachment Theory: Mediating Effects of Loneliness and Depression  EunYoung Kim, PhD, Inhyo Cho, PhD, Eun Joo Kim, PhD  Asian Nursing Research  Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages 92-97 (June 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2017.05.002 Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Path diagram of the modified model. Note. e1–e15 means measurment error and it is common symbols in AMOS; x1–x3 refer to parcels of attachment anxiety; x4–x6 refer to parcels of attachment avoidance; y1–y3 refer to parcels of depression; y4–y5 refer to parcels of loneliness; y6–y9 refer to parcels of addiction; *p < .05, **p < .01. Asian Nursing Research 2017 11, 92-97DOI: (10.1016/j.anr.2017.05.002) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Mediation model by using phantom variables. Note. e1–e15 means measurment error and it is common symbols in AMOS; x1–x3 refer to parcels of attachment anxiety; x4–x6 refer to parcels of attachment avoidance; y1–y3 refer to parcels of depression; y4–y5 refer to parcels of loneliness; y6–y9 refer to parcels of addiction; p1–p6 refer to phantom variables; a denotes path from attachment anxiety to loneliness; b denotes path from attachment avoidance to loneliness; c denotes path from loneliness to depression; d denotes path from depression to smartphone addiction. Asian Nursing Research 2017 11, 92-97DOI: (10.1016/j.anr.2017.05.002) Copyright © 2017 Terms and Conditions