PRESENTATION TO EDUCATION STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF DERBY Not choosing but changing How career guidance can change the world Tristram Hooley, Professor of Career Education, University of Derby

OECD definition Career guidance refers to services and activities intended to assist individuals, of any age and at any point throughout their lives, to make educational, training and occupational choices and to manage their careers… The activities may take place on an individual or group basis, and may be face-to-face or at a distance (including help lines and web-based services). (OECD, 2004)

Discuss: Is life fair? Does everyone have an equal chance to make a success of their career? What might influence the way that people’s careers work out?

The Equality Trust (2015)

The Sutton Trust (2016)

How can career guidance support social mobility Provide access to information and intelligence about the labour and learning markets in ways that transcend existing social networks. Demystify labour and learning market systems and support individuals to understand progression pathways and manage transition processes. Engage with individuals’ assumptions about themselves and the world around them, informing and challenging them. Listen to individuals’ aspirations and help them to operationalise these as well as considering alternatives. Build the skills that people need to make decisions and transitions and to progress in their career (career management skills). Broker access to networks beyond the ones that individuals normally have access to. Provide mentoring and support to encourage persistence and remaining resilient in the face of setbacks.

Watts’ socio-political ideologies of guidance   Core focus on society Core focus on individual Change Radical (social change) Progressive (individual change) Status Quo Conservative (social change) Liberal (non-directive)

Where do you fit as an educator? Conservative Liberal Progressive Radical

Young’s 5 faces of oppression ‘For every oppressed group there is a group that benefits from that oppression ‘and is privileged in relation to that group’ (Young, 1990: 42). This is experiences by individuals as Exploitation Marginalisation Powerlessness Cultural imperialism Violence

Are you oppressed? Use Young’s 5 faces of exploitation to discuss whether you are oppressed Exploitation Marginalisation Powerlessness Cultural imperialism Violence

What can you do about this Career guidance focuses on the development of individual solutions. Should it also focus on the development of collective solutions? Should it encourage social change?

Five career education questions Who am I? How does the world work? Where do I fit into the world? How can I live with others in the world? How do I go about changing the world?

References The Equality Trust (2015). The Scale of Economic Inequality in the UK. Available from https://www.equalitytrust.org.uk/scale-economic-inequality-uk [Accessed 14th April 2016]. Hooley, T. (2015). Emancipate Yourselves from Mental Slavery: Self-Actualisation, Social Justice and the Politics of Career Guidance. Derby: International Centre for Guidance Studies, University of Derby. Hooley, T., Matheson, J. and Watts, A.G. (2014). Advancing Ambitions: The Role of Career Guidance in Supporting Social Mobility. London: Sutton Trust. Hooley, T. and Sultana, R. (2016). Career guidance for social justice. Journal of the National Institute for Career Education and Counselling, 36, 2-11. Kirby, P. (2016). Leading People 2016. London: The Sutton Trust. Watts, A.G. (2015). Socio-political ideologies of guidance. In Hooley, T. and Barham, L. Career Development Policy and Practice: The Tony Watts Reader. Stafford: Highflyers, 171-186. Young, I.M. (1990) Five Faces of Oppression, in Justice and the Politics of Difference, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 39-65.

Conclusions Career guidance addresses the intersection between the individual and society. There is a lively debate about how it can best serve social justice. If you study the career guidance pathway you might just change the world.

Tristram Hooley Professor of Career Education International Centre for Guidance Studies University of Derby http://www.derby.ac.uk/icegs t.hooley@derby.ac.uk @pigironjoe Blog at http://adventuresincareerdevelopment.wordpress.com