Chapter 8 Light, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, Lighting Key Terms Light Shadows Color Lighting Instruments Lighting Techniques

Light, Color, Lighting Key Terms Page 116 25 Terms Read, Study

Light, Color, Lighting Types of Light Directional Diffused

Light, Color, Lighting Directional Light Direct Precise Hard Shadows Used to light specific areas Examples – Sun, Flashlight, Car Headlights, Studio spotlights

Light, Color, Lighting Diffused Light General Not Precise Spreads Seems to come from all directions Used to light large areas Examples – Fluorescent lights, Classroom, Studio Fill lights (large round lights)

Light, Color, Lighting Light Intensity Amount of light that falls on a given area. Measurement – Lux (European Term); Footcandles (American Term) Baselight – refers to overall light intensity. Low Baselight – open iris to allow more light into camera. High Baselight – close down iris to allow less light into camera.

Light, Color, Lighting Baselight Example Holiday Choir Concert – iris on Auto and picture washed out. Iris set at 2.8 +/- Holiday Band/Strings Concert – iris on Manual and iris adjusted to 5.8 to 7 for quality picture.

Light, Color, Lighting Shadows Attached Falloff Usually unaware of shadows Two Types Attached Falloff

Changing the Field of View Move the camera closer to event. Change the focal length by zooming In or Out.

Light, Color, Lighting Attached Shadows Tied to object Help us define the basic form or an object Contribute to texture

Light, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, Lighting Rough Texture Smooth Texture

Light, Color, Lighting Attached Shadows Reveal Form Texture

Light, Color, Lighting Cast Shadows Seen Independent of the object. Hand shadows on wall Hand not seen – shadow seen

Light, Color, Lighting Cast Shadows Help tell us where things are and when events take place. Examples – Shadows of utility poles, traffic signs, building walls. Pg. 123 Note: Even if Cast Shadows touch the base of the object they remain Cast Shadows NOT Attached Shadows

Light, Color, Lighting Falloff Indicates the degree of change from light to shadow. The ‘speed’ with which light area turns into shadow area – the brightness contrast between the light and shadow sides of an object.

Light, Color, Lighting Fast Falloff Slow Falloff Change from light to dense shadow is extremely abrupt. High Contrast between areas. Slow Falloff Gradual change from light to shadow. Subtle Contrast between areas.

Light, Color, Lighting Falloff Defines the contrast between light and dark areas and how quickly light turns into shadow.

Light, Color, Lighting Color Basic Process of Color Mixing TV Receiver and generated colors Color Temperature and Mixing

Light, Color, Lighting Primary Light Colors Video Camera Beam Splitter takes White light and creates: Red Green Blue

Light, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, Lighting TV Receiver Works on color mixing principle 3 Electron guns in neck of tube One gun fire beams of light at Red, another at Green, etc. More intense the beam the more the dots of color light up. Mixing color.

Light, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, Lighting White Balance Not all light sources produce light of the same Whiteness. Examples – candle (reddish); fluorescent (bluish); flashlight ( weak batteries bluish, strong batteries whiter)

Light, Color, Lighting Color Temperature Kelvin Degrees Standard by which we measure the relative reddishness or bluishness of white light. Kelvin Degrees Measures the color differences of white light.

Light, Color, Lighting Kelvin Degrees More Bluish the white light – the higher the color temperature More Reddish the white light – the lower its color temperature.

Light, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, Lighting Kelvin Degrees Outdoor Light – much more Bluish than indoor light. Standard Outdoor Illumination Measurement 5600 degrees K Standard Indoor Illumination Measurement 3200 degrees K

Light, Color, Lighting Gels Color Filter used in Studio and Field lighting Affects light source Blue Gel – raises temperature of studio light Red Gel – lowers temperature of studio light.

Light, Color, Lighting White Balancing Adjusting the camera so it reproduces a white object as white on the screen Regardless of whether it is illuminated by a high color temperature source or a low color temperature source. Required for color continuity.

Light, Color, Lighting Lighting Instruments Two types: Spotlights Floodlights

Light, Color, Lighting Spotlights Throw Directional Light Floodlights Lights specific areas Sharp beam of light Floodlights Lights general area Diffused light Non-directional

Light, Color, Lighting Fresnel Spotlight Workhorse of studio spotlights Allows light beam to be adjusted Barn Doors

Light, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, Lighting Point to Remember

Light, Color, Lighting Floodlights Types Non-directional light Shadows are soft and transparent Types Broad Softlight Scoop

Light, Color, Lighting Broad Spotlight Open-faced Large tube-like lamps

Light, Color, Lighting Softlight Large opening covered with diffusing material that scatters light. Renders shadows invisible Slow falloff lighting

Light, Color, Lighting Scoop Small & flexible floodlight 3200 degrees K Soft light More directional Used for fill to slow down falloff Scrim – diffuses light

Light, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, Lighting EFP (Electronic Field Production) Light

Light, Color, Lighting Floodlights Produce general, non-directional illumination. They cause slow falloff.

Light, Color, Lighting Studio C-Clamp

Light, Color, Lighting Safety Do not touch Studio lights

Basic Lighting Key Light Fill Light Back Light Triangle Lighting

Light, Color, Lighting Key Light Principal light source Reveals basic shape of object Spotlight

Light, Color, Lighting Back Light Outlines object against background Focused spotlight Opposite camera

Light, Color, Lighting Fill Light Slows falloff

Light, Color, Lighting Background Light Spots Floodlights Illuminates

Light, Color, Lighting Field Lighting Scout Ahead Be prepared Do not overload circuits Do not waste bulb life Secure light stands Move equipment carefully

Light, Color, Lighting Outdoor Lighting The best light Overcast Day (Natural Lighting)

Light, Color, Lighting Measuring Light Incident Light Baselight level Stand next to talent. Aim a light meter to camera Aim meter at lights Check light meter needle reading Maintain same needle reading

Light, Color, Lighting Reflected Light Stand next to talent and point light meter towards the light and the shadows from the direction of the camera. Difference in readings provides lighting contrast. Use video monitor as best guide

Points to Remember Type of light and intensity Shadows Colors Lighting Instruments Basic Lighting Principal Measuring Light

Light, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, Lighting Discussion