Materials Core Instrumentation: UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer DU 640B (Beckman) FTIR spectrophotometer FTIR-480 (Jasco) Spectropolarimeter J-810 (Jasco) Refractive index analysis instrument AR700 (Reichert) CAM 200 optical contact-angle goniometer (KSV Instruments) Ellipsometer GES 5, variable-angle spectroscopic (Sopra Inc) Flame atomic absorption - AAnalyst 200 (Perkin Elmer) SPR spectrometer Biacore X MTS Synergie 100 HPLC/GPC system (Waters) Plasma surface treatment unit (Harrick) More details on each instrument are on the following slides. For more info, please contact Dr. Gulya Korneva: gkornev@clemson.edu

Spectrophotometer DU 640B, Beckman Applications: Measures Absorbance and Transmission: At fixed wavelength; Wavelength scan; Kinetics/time Can be used in qualitative and quantitative analyses. Wavelength range 190-1100 nm

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer FTIR-480, Jasco Applications: structure analysis; purity examinations; quantitative analysis; identification of unknown compounds: liquids, semi-liquids and flexible solids; biological materials study; with HATR plates ZnSe highly absorbing substances can be analyzed (polymers, rubber, fibers, etc); Specifications: Wavelength range: 360 to 7800 cm-1; Resolution range: 0.5;0.9;2;4;8;16 cm-1 Accessories: 1) MIRacleTM single reflection HATR (horisontal ATR, Pike technologies) with 2 mm round crystal ZnSe. 2) &3) HATR plates in “through” and “flat” configurations. “Through” – for liquid, powder, or paste, good for volatile compounds; “flat” – for the analysis of solid materials including polymer and film samples. For more info: www.jascoinc.com/Libraries/Application_Notes/IR_01_03.sflb.ashx

Spectropolarimeter J-810, Jasco Measures the circular dichroism (CD) and optical rotary dispersion (ORD) of the sample. Applications: Allows to verify the chirality of molecules or compounds; to estimate fractions of each different conformation in protein structure; the conformational changes of molecules with temperature/and pH can be studied. Useful for verifying that the protein is in its native conformation. Protein folding studies. Purity testing of optically active substances. Specifications Light source: 150W Xe arc lamp (N2 cooled) Wavelength range: 163 ~ 900 nm Accessories: Peltier type temperature controller Jasco PFD-425S Automated pH titrator Jasco ATS 429S

Refractive index analysis instrument – Reichert AR700 Temperature Controlled Automatic Refractometer Applications: Measures refractive index of transparent, translucent, and opaque liquids. Features: Reading range of 1.33000 to 1.60000 Refractive Index and the full Brix scale. Precision: to 0.01 Brix or 0.00001 For more info: http://www.reichertai.com/products.html?productID=17

CAM 200 (KSV) CCD Camera CAM 200 is a video camera based fully computer controlled contact angle meter. Applications: Contact angle measurements; Surface free energy measurements; Absorption and wetting; Surface/interfacial tension For more info: http://www.terralab.biz/edoc/ksv/KSV_Cam_200_Contact_Angle_Surface_Tension_Meter.pdf

Variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometer GES 5 (Sopra Inc) Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is a non-contact, non-destructive optical technique. Applications: measures material refractive indices; layer thicknesses of thin film layers on flat substrates; up to 7 layers can be analyzed in terms of thickness and optical characteristics for each layer. Features: Thickness measured: from monoatomic to several microns thick. The beam size: 1 mm2 and 10 mm2; The variable angles: from 7º to 90º with variable +/- 0.01º; spectral range from 200 nm to 800 nm For more info: http://www.sopra-sa.com/ges5e-for-retd-pdt-5-16.php

Flame atomic absorption spectrometer - AAnalyst 200, Perkin Elmer Applications: for determining very precisely the concentration of a particular element in a liquid sample. Can detect from 1 to 1000 µg/L. For each element, the specific lamp is required. Currently, Ca lamp is available. The list of lamps/elements for analysis on AAnalyst 200 can be found on https://www.vwrcanlab.com/programs/equipment/pdf/Model%20AAnalyst%20200%20Spectrometers.pdf Hollow cathode lamps (HCLs) and electrodeless discharge lamps (EDLs). EDLs provide much higher light output and longer lifetime when compared to conventional HCLs.

BiAcoreX SPR spectrometer Biacore is a methodology for measuring the biomolecular interactions in real time using the phenomenon of surface Plasmon resonance (SPR). Applications: it allows to study: • Kinetics of binding • Solution affinity • Steady state affinity • Yes/No binding • Ligand fishing • Affinity ranking • Protein concentration assays • Protein percent activity assays • Thermodynamics Interactions between nucleic acids, lipids, small molecules, whole cells, and surfaces can be studied. Specifications: Two Flow cell capability Temperature regulation = 4-40oC Flow rates 1-100μL/min, steps of 1 μL Required sample volume: injection volume (min-5 μL +20 μl) Molecular weight detection: >180 Da Refractive index range: 1.33 - 1.40 Sensitivity ≈ 20 RU, where RU, resonance units, 1RU = 1 pg/mm2 of sensor surface. For more info: http://web.bf.uni-lj.si/bi/sprcenter/BiacoreX.pdf Some applications are described in a paper by Y. Wei and R. A. Latour, Langmuir 2009, 25(10), 5637–5646

Materials Testing System (MTS) Synergie 100 Tensile, Flex, Peel/Tear, Strain, and Compression test methods. 1) Loadings available: 10 N (2 lbf) 2) Speed range: 0.001-1000 mm/min (0.00004-39 in/min) 3) Max specimen thickness for grips: 13 mm (0.5 in) 4) 50 mm (2.0 inch) diameter lightweight compression platens Face set, 25x25 mm rubber, for 100/2000 advantage pneumatic and screw action grips. For more info: http://www.mts.com/en/Bio/Materials/index.asp

HPLC/GPC system (Waters) Applications: high resolution separations and purifications Includes: Binary Gradient Pumping System (1525) Autosampler (2707) Photodiode Array Detector (2998) Refractive Index Detector (2414) Column Heater Fraction Collector Specifications: Binary Gradient Pumping System: Flow Rate Range: 0 to 10 ml/min; max operating pressure: 6000 psi. Autosampler: Loop Volumes: 100 and 500 µl. Refractive Index Detector: Refractive index range: 1.00 to 1.75 RIU. Column Heater: Temperature range: 20oC to 60oC; column capacity: up to four 7.8 mm x 300 mm columns For more info: http://www.waters.com/waters/nav.htm?locale=en_US&cid=514256

Plasma cleaner/sterilizer, Harrick Applications: Plasma activation of substrate surfaces to render surface hydrophilic; promote attachment and adhesion of functional biological species or coatings to: Enhance cell adhesion, coverage, and proliferation on tissue scaffolds. Promote adsorption of selective functional biological species while resisting, adhesion of bacteria and fouling microorganisms. Removes organic contamination from surfaces. Modifies or enhances the physical and chemical characteristics of surfaces: The high energy plasma particles combine with the contaminant to form carbon dioxide (CO2) or methane (CH4). For more info: http://harrickplasma.com/applications_biomaterials.php