INFECTIONS

KEY TERMS ENDOGENOUS- Originates inside of the body( tumors, congenital abnormalities) EXOGENOUS- Originates outside of the body (radiation trauma, temp extremes) NOSOCOMIAL- Infection that is acquired in the hospital that is transmitted by health care workers to the patient

OPPORTUNISTIC- infections are those that occur when the body's defenses are weak. AEROBIC- requires oxygen to live ANAEROBIC- lives and reproduces in the absence of O2 PATHOGEN- a disease causing microorganism EPIDEMIOLOGIST- a person who specializes in the study of outbreaks of diseases within a group

INFECTIVE AGENT (PATHOGEN) COMMON PATHOGENS INCLUDE BACTERIA, VIRUSES FUNGUSES, RICHETTSIAE,AND PROTOZA

RESERVOIR PLACE WHERE CAUSATIVE AGENT LIVE. COMMON RESERVOIRS INCLUDE THE HUMAN BODY, ANIMALS, ENVIRONMENT AND OBJECTS CONTAMINATED WITH INFECTIOUS MATERIAL THAT CONTAINS THE PATHOGEN PLACE WHERE CAUSATIVE AGENT LIVE.

PORTAL OF EXIT WAY FOR CAUSATIVE AGENT TO ESCAPE FROM THE RESERVOIR

MEANS OF TRANSMISSION PATHOGEN MUST BE TRANSMITTED TO ANOTHER RESERVOIR OR HOST WHERE IT CAN LIVE TRANSMITTED VIA DIRECT OR INDIRECT CONTACT

DIRECT CONTACT CONTACT WITH THE BODY SECRETIONS CONTAINING PATHOGEN PERSON TO PERSON SPREAD BY PHYSICAL CONTACT

INDIRECT CONTACT PATHOGEN IS TRANSMITTED FROM CONTAMINATED SUBSTANCES ( I.E. FOOD, AIR, SOIL, INSECTS, CLOTHING, INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT) TOUCHING CONTAMINATED EQUIPMENT BREATHING IN DROPLETS CARRYING AIRBORNE PATHOGENS RECEIVING THE BITE OF AN INSECT CARRYING A PATHOGEN

PORTAL OF ENTRY MEANS OF ENTRY BREAKS IN THE SKIN OR MUCOUS MEMBRANE RESPIRATORY TRACT DIGESTIVE TRACT GENITOURINARY TRACT CIRCULTORY SYSTEM PORTAL OF ENTRY WAY TO ENTER A NEW RESERVOIR OR HOST

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST 1. INDIVIDUAL WHO CAN CONTRACT THE DISEASE 2.HUMANS MAY FIGHT OFF CAUSATIVE AGENT AND DO NOT CONTRACT DISEASE IF: A. DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF BODY ARE INTACT B. IMMUNE SYSTEM IS FUNCTIONING 3. HUMAN BECOMES SUSEPTIBLE HOST IN SOME CASES A. LARGE NUMBERS OF THE PATHOGEN INVADE THE BODY B. BODY DEFENSES ARE WEAK

BREAKING THE CYCLE OF INFECTION

THE INFECTIOUS AGENT CAN BE NEUTRALIZED THE RESERVOIR HOST MUST MAINTAIN PERSONAL HYGIENE THE PORTAL OF EXIT IS CLOSED (GOWNS & GLOVES), CONTROL OF BODY SECRETIONS AND PROPER DISPOSAL OF CONTAMINATED EQUIPMENT

THE ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION IS MINIMIZED THROUGH PROPER HANDWASHING, DISINFECTION AND STERILIZATION THE PORTAL OF ENTRY IS BLOCKED BY ASEPSIS, DISINFECTION AND STERILIZATION PROCEDURES HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY IS BROKEN WHEN THE HEALTH AND WELLNESS OF AN INDIVIDUAL IS MAINTAINED

MICROORGANISMS AND DISEASE

FUNGi SIMPLE PLANTS SUCH AS MOLD OR YEAST, SOME CAUSE DISEASE.

PROTOZOA THE ONLY GROUP OF MICROORGANISMS CLASSIFIED AS AN ANIMAL. DISEASES INCLUDE MALARIA

VIRUS MICROORGANISMS THAT ARE SO SMALL THEY CANNOT BE SEEN WITH AN ORDINGRY LIGHT MICROSCOPE. THEY ARE NOT DESTROYED BY ANTIBIOTICS

BACTERIA CLASSIFICATION DETERMINED BY THE SHAPE OF THE BACTERIA AND WHETHER IT GROWS WITH OR WITHOUT O2. ONLY A FEW BACTERIA, SUCH AS STAPHYLOCOCCUS AND STREPTOCOCCUS CAUSE DISEASE

COCCI ROUND BACTERIA STAPHYLOCOCCI:IN CLUSTERS LIKE GRAPES: CAUSE BOILS, IMPETEGO AND OSTEOMYELITIS STREPTOCOCCI: ARRANGED IN CHAINS: CAUSES RHEUMATIC FEVER, STEP THROAT AND SCARLET FEVER

DIPLOCOCCI ROUND BACTERIA ARRANGED IN PAIRS CAUSES CHYLAMIDIA AND GONORRHEA

ROD SHAPED BACTERIA CAUSES ANTHRAX BACILLA ROD SHAPED BACTERIA CAUSES ANTHRAX

SHAPED LIKE SPIRALS CAUSES SYPHILIS AND LYME DISEASE SPIRILLA SHAPED LIKE SPIRALS CAUSES SYPHILIS AND LYME DISEASE

asepsis Medical asepsis Surgical asepsis The use of sterile technique to handle equipment, maintain sterile fields and dispose of contaminated materials without introducing harmful microorganisms Practices and techniques that are designed to protect individuals from the spread of disease

Medical asepsis Antiseptic: substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria. Some can be used on the skin Disinfectant: substances or practices that cannot be used on the skin. This includes chemicals and boiling. Sterile: absence of all microorganisms

EPIDEMIOLOGY TRACING THE OCCURRENCE OF HEALTH RELATED EVENTS IN SOCIETY

ENDEMIC: REFERS TO THE ONGOING PRESCENCE OF A DISEASE WITHING A POPULATION EPIDEMIC: IS A SUDDEN AND WIDESPREAD OUBREAK WITHIN A POPULATION, GROUP OR AREA. EX: SUDDEN WIDESPREAD OUTBREAK OF MEASELS PANDEMIC: REFERS TO AN OUTBREAK OF A DISEASE OCCURING OVER A LARGE GEOGRAPHIC AREA, POSSIBLY WORLDWIDE. EX: AIDS

DAILY GRADE QUESTIONS 1. LIST THE 6 LINKS IN THE CYCLE OF INFECTION.

2. CAN THE CYCLE OF INFECTION CONTINUE IF THE CYCLE IS MISSING A LINK?

3. NAME 3 DIFFERENT MICROORGANISMS text

4. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A PANDEMIC AND AN EPIDEMIC?

5. WHAT IS THE DEFERENCE BETWEEN ANTISETIC AND STERILE?