Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, 20061/70 Budapest University of Technology and Economics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Department of Electric Power Engineering Power Systems and Environment Group Prof. György VARJÚ Communication over MV and LV power lines Perspectives of application PLC/BPL technologies in Central and Eastern Europe Investigations and applications of PLC Technology in Hungary

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, 20062/70 Subjects: PLC/BPL investigations Laboratory investigations in one-to-one scale network Site investigations on RBS LV feeder line Actual site trial PLC/BPL applications in Hungary

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, 20063/70 Aim and scope Capability of a given PLC technology for a given (reference) network condition Transmission quality of a given network for a given (reference) PLC technology Identification of:

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, 20064/70 Laborartry investigations Laboratory infrastructure Investigations made Content:

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, 20065/70 Laboratory infrastructure Rack system: Four layered vertical rack system with spacing 40 cm Rectangular layout, perimeter 30 m each 14 turns 4x95+25mm 2 AASC cable (420 m full length) Both-end access at the measuring room Accessible at each corner for connection

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, 20066/70 Laboratory investigations Infrastructure of the PLT Laboratory Used disturbance sources Features of the used PLC devices Network configurations Test results Some Strange Result

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, 20067/70 Rack system Corners Laboratory infrastructure

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, 20068/70 Connections Laboratory infrastructure

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, 20069/70 Laboratory infrastructure Decoupling device to the LV network

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Laboratory infrastructure

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 - Three phase fluorescent lamps - Drill with speed regulator - Compact fluorescent lamps (1phase) - Normal incandescent lamps with dimmer Demonstration of laboratory tests Disturbance sources:

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 OFDM modulation max. 768 carrier downstream max. 512 carrier upstream Programmable carrier power profile Continuous channel SNR monitoring Adaptive bit rate adjustment 4 frequency bands: MHz MHz MHz MHz Based on DS2 technology Demonstration of laboratory tests Features of the one of the tested PLC System

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Demonstration of laboratory test Tested PLC System Costumer Premises Equipment Ilevo CPE LR100 Transformer Premises Equipment Ilevo TPE LR1000 Intermediate Repeater Ilevo IR LR1100

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Demonstration of laboratory tests Tested Device: CPE ( Customer Prenise Equipment, modems Properties: 45/36 Mbps data transfer rate up to 400 m coverage Ethernet & USB connection Configurable via SNMP Data and VoIP services Ilevo CPE LR 100

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Properties: 45/36 Mbps data transfer rate up to 400 m coverage up to 63 CPEs or IRs Ethernet & RS232 connection Configurable via SNMP Data and VoIP services Ilevo TPE LR 1000 Demonstration of laboratory test Tested Device: TPE (Transformer Prenise Equipment)

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Properties: 45/36 Mbps data transfer rate up to 400 m coverage up to 63 client CPEs Ethernet & RS232 connection Configurable via SNMP Data and VOIP services Ilevo IR LR 1100 Demonstration of laboratory test Tested Device: Repeater

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 TPE - Repeater path Cable length: 420 m Signal injection: Phase - Neutral Signal detection:Phase - Neutral Demonstration of laboratory test Network configuration: no.1

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Upload: MHz Download: MHz Upload: MHz Download: MHz Demonstration of laboratory test Results: no.1 Data rates (measured by FTP transfer):

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 TPE - Repeater - CPE path Cable length: 420 m Signal injection: Phase - Neutral Signal detection: Phase - Neutral Demonstration of laboratory tests Network configuration: no.2

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Upload: /7 MHz Download: /3 MHz Upload: /3 MHz Download: /7 MHz Data rates (measured by FTP transfer): Demonstration of laboratory test Results: no.2

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 TPE - Repeater - CPE path Cable length: m Signal injection: Phase - Phase Signal detection: Phase - Neutral Demonstration of laboratory test Network configuration: no.3

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Upload: /7 MHz Download: /3 MHz Upload: /3 MHz Download: /7 MHz Data rates (measured by FTP transfer): Demonstration of laboratory tests Results: no.3

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 U: 501 kByte/s D: 234 kByte/s U: 193 kByte/s D: 200 kByte/s U: 230 kByte/s D: 148 kByte/s U: 526 kByte/s D: 330 kByte/s U: 11 MHZ D: 16 MHz Demonstration of laboratory test Network configuration: site trial simulation Data rates (measured by FTP transfer)

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Demonstration of laboratory test Conducted disturbances due to compact fluorescent lamps Test with two classes of CF: - Low quality (cheap) lamps stopped the communication, although all of them have CE sign - High quality (more expensive) lamps never produced this effect)

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Disturbance of CF lamps

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Demonstration of laboratory test Strange results During the tests we have experienced some strange things, and we examined their source This is not belonging to the normal PLT operation, but it was worthy to investigate them.

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Wireless PLT 7MHz 16MHZ 3MHz 11MHZ Attenuation Upload: 340 3MHz Download: 550 7MHz Upload: MHz Download: MHz

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Actual Site Trial LV network configuration

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Effect of network elements for CPE at different distances

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Effect of network elements Investigated network configuration

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Effect of network elements Investigated network conditions Reference condition (no disturbing elemetnts) Compact lamp at different network locations Over-current switch (breaker) of different type Energy (kWh) meter of different type

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Effect of network elements Reference condition Download rate for CPEs at different distances Comparison of transfer rate for FTP and Samba (SMB) protocols

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Effect of network elements Reference condition Upload rate for CPEs at different distances Comparison of transfer rate for FTP and Samba (SMB) protocols

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Effect of network elements Reference condition Rates of FTP protocol for CPEs at different distances Comparison of download and upload rates for FTP protocol

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Effect of network elements Effect of compact lamps Download rates of for CPEs at different distances Parameter: distance of the place of lamp from TE

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Effect of network elements Effect of compact lamps Upload rates of for CPEs at different distances Parameter: distance of the place of lamp from TE

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Effect of network elements Effect of compact lamps The rate declines primary at the lamp location The relative decline does not depend on the lamp location Lamp located at the TE declines the transmission rate very significantly Conclusions:

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Effect of network elements Effect of over-current breaker (switch) Hungarian made (Bakony works): rated current 10 A, (Type: ) rated current 16 A, (Type: ED 268P) Siemens made: rated current 63 A, (tree phase type) rated current 25 A, (single phase type) Types of the switches:

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Effect of network elements Effect of over-current switch Download rates of for CPEs at different distances Parameter: typ of the switches

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Effect of network elements Effect of over-current switch Upload rates of for CPEs at different distances Parameter: type of the switches

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Effect of network elements Effect of over-current breaker The upload rate declines primary due to the switch The type ED 268 switch caused very high decline, (the transmission was blocked for distances over 93m) The 10 A Bakony made switch tends to improve the transmission rate especially for download Conclusions:

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Effect of network elements Effect of energy (kWh) meter Analogue, rated current 1 A Digital, rated current 5 A Types of the investigated kWh meter:

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Effect of network elements Effect of energy (kWh) meter Parameter: type of the kWh meter Download rates of for CPEs at different distances

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Effect of network elements Effect of energy (kWh) meter Parameter: type of the kWh meter Upload rates of for CPEs at different distances

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Effect of network elements Effect of energy (kWh) meter The kWh meters do not decline the transmission rate The installed analog kWh meter increased the transmission rate especially for upload operation The installed digital kWh meter does, practically, not affected transmission rate of download operation tends to increase the transmission rate of upload operation for more distant CPE Conclusions:

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Site Trial on RBS LV feeder

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Site Trial on RBS LV feeder LV feeder line

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Site Trial on RBS LV feeder PLC system configuration Positioning of PLC devices Type of signal injection / detection

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 HE Modem Signal injection Radiated field metering Actual 3 phase LV feeder, length of 1200 m PVC insulated phase conductors wounded around a bare neutral (2x mm 2 ) Site Trial on RBS low voltage feeder

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Site Trial on RBS low voltage feeder Site of the measurementRadiated emission measurement

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Site Trial on RBS low voltage feeder Signal injection (server) side

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Site Trial on RBS low voltage feeder Modem side CPE amd pcCoupling of the modem

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Site Trial on RBS low voltage feeder System overview Coupling PLT HE: (capacitive, inductive) - one, two or three phase to neutral - phase to phase - any other combination PLT Modem: (only capacitive) - only phase to neutral Used frequency Upstream:13.8 – 16.3 MHz (512 carrier) Downstream:19 – 22.8 MHz (768 carrier) Injected signal level max. 30 dBm Data transfer rate Downstream:max. 27 Mbps Upstream:max. 18 Mbps

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Site Trial on RBS low voltage feeder Investigated EBA TE and CPE equipment

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Site Trial on RBS low voltage feeder Basic measuring arrangement Server (TE) side Modem (CPE) side

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Site Trial on RBS low voltage feeder Signal injection options

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Site Trial on RBS low voltage feeder Comparison of the transmission rate for the 1 st, 3 nd, and 5 th signal injections at the 5th pole (150m) Injection options

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Site Trial on RBS low voltage feeder Comparison of the transmission rate for the 1 st, 3 nd, and 5 th signal injections at the 15th pole (450m) Injection options

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Site Trial on RBS low voltage feeder Comparison of the transmission rate for the all the seven signal injections at the 10th pole (300m) Injection options

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Site Trial on RBS low voltage feeder Comparison of the average transmission rate for the 3 nd, and 5 th signal injections v.s. the distance to the CPE Distance to the CPE

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Site Trial on RBS low voltage feeder Conclusions: The injection options of no.3 (connection to one line-to-line relation) and no.5 (connection to two phase-neutral relation with reversed polarity) resulted in favourable transmission rate, The transmission rate decreases monotonously with the distance to the CPE, The CPE located at 600 m away can not be accessed, without repeater.

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Applications of PLC Technology in Hungary

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Applications of PLC Technology in Hungary 23 Vnet Ltd. The 1st commercial was lunched in December Internet access has been provided for 450 flats in 9 story block of building in North-Pesten Ascom technology, serving for a stairway with subscribers by a Indoor Master Backbone: Satellite connection though antenna at the roof of the building.

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Applications of PLC Technology in Hungary Xyscom Part of regional integrated broadband telecommunication service integrating three technologies: traditional copper wire link, radio link PLC technology (14 subscribers) Installed by Hungarocom Telecommunication Ltd. at Bárdudvarnok in April 2004 ILEVO made hardware using DS2 chipsets.

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Bárdudvarnok First written record from Area: 48,5 km 2 (include agricultural) Population: 1200 Geographical location

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Actual Site Trial Pictures from the site (Bárdudvarnok)

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Applications of PLC Technology in Hungary System Consult Ltd. Starting of PLC research in the Budapest University of Technology and Economics in 2002 with the collaboration of the Departments of Electric Power Systems and Telecommunication Engineering Investigations using one-to-one scale LV network Installing reference PLC system and in-home service in the office building of the System Ltd with EBA hardware

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Applications of PLC Technology in Hungary Communication Unique (Communique) Kft. Communication Unique Ltd is a service provider for Internet, telephone and cable TV The Communicque has lunched a non-commercial trial and initiating a commercial trial by the end of this year on the network of ELMŰ and ÉMÁSZ Utilities Used hardware: Mitsubishi Electric PLCLINK 200 products

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 Applications of PLC Technology in Hungary Communication Unique Kft. Comunique commercial applications: Cézár building: (Reached transmission rate to the 9 th floor: 70 Mbps Mediterrán residential park: - access to 550 flats - operated on the ELMŰ (Budapest Utility) network on contract bases - Target: commercial service

Communication over MV and LV power lines, Prague October 5 – 6, /70 ? Thank you for your attention! Gyorgy Varju