Emission inventory: characteristics and status POMI Emission inventory: characteristics and status Kick-off Meeting 07/03/2008

POMI : Emission inventories Steps for the preparation of base-case emissions dataset for POMI Collection of regional + national + EMEP emission inventories Emissions defined at municipal level for the whole Po Valley Selection of pollutants Gridding of municipal emissions (different grid resolutions) Time modulation of gridded emissions (different geographic zones) Problems and issues still open Incompleteness of some 2005 regional emission inventories (INEMAR) Incompleteness of the 2005 national emission inventory (prov. level) Choice and definition of substitutive dataset for the first phase of POMI Time plan for the final update of 2005 regional and national inventories Methodological aspects of the data processing Planned improvements of inventories

POMI : Emission inventories Extension and grid resolution of the emission dataset - overview Mosaic of regional + national + EMEP emission inventories Regional (INEMAR) (3km x 3km grid) National EI (6km x 6km grid) EMEP (50km x 50km)

POMI : Emission inventories RESOLUTION of the emission dataset: INITIAL SETUP AND PLANNING Availability and use of regional INEMAR 2005 from all the regions of Po Valley Pollutant emissions defined at municipal level for the regions participating to the Po Valley exercise Pollutant emissions defined at provincial level for the other regions (APAT EI) EMEP to cover the rest of the domain outside Italy EMEP 2005 National emissions (SNAP Macrosectors) INEMAR 2005 for the Regions of Po Valley using INEMAR Municipal emissions (SNAP Activities) National Emission Inv. (APAT – 2005 - provinces) (SNAP activities)

POMI : Emission inventories Emission dataset: ACTUAL STAUS OF COMPLETENESS INEMAR 2005 - Complete only for two regions (Lombardia + Piemonte) Other regions could supply part of the inventory (point sources…) APAT 2005 national emission inventory – Complete but only the national totals (not yet at provincial level) EMEP 2005 National emissions INEMAR 2005 Lombardy + Piemonte Municipal emissions National Emission Inv. (APAT – 2005 - totals)

POMI : Emission inventories PROPOSED base-case emission inventory (for the first step of POMI) INEMAR 2005 – Only for Lombardy (To maintain homogeneity in the wide domain outside) CESI - 2000 national emission inventory disaggregated at municipal level (attività di ricerca sul Sistema Elettrico)  to be scaled to the year 2005 EMEP 2005 National emissions INEMAR 2005 Lombardy CESI - 2000 National Emission Inventory at municipal level  SCALING TO 2005

POMI : Emission inventories PROPOSED base-case emission inventory (for the first step of POMI) REGIONAL INVENTORIES: INEMAR 2005 has been selected only for Lombardy (for consistency) Inclusion of all the INEMAR regional inventories is postponed to the next phase (INEMAR 2007 directly?) NATIONAL INVENTORY: APAT is going to finalize the 2005 national inventory disaggregated at provincial level, but it is not ready yet. POMI exercise will start with the available data. Inclusion of the updated 2005 national inventory at provincial level is postponed to the next phase  How to manage the data available at national level?

POMI : Emission inventories HOW TO MANAGE THE DATA AVAILABLE AT NATIONAL LEVEL (1) FIRST POSSIBILITY: To use the completed parts of APAT 2005 national emission inventory disaggregated at provincial level and do some assumption + scaling for the missing data Problems: Some SNAP macrosectors are not available yet (especially point sources). How to complete the missing information at provincial level? The disaggregation at municipal level should be done (or we just grid the emission data starting from provincial emissions?) Provincial emissions? APAT 2005 - incomplete (provincial data) POMI 2005 ADJUSTED INVENTORY Municipal disagg?

POMI : Emission inventories HOW TO MANAGE THE DATA AVAILABLE AT NATIONAL LEVEL (2) PROPOSED SOLUTION: scaling of APAT 2005 national total emissions according to CESI municipal disaggregation of APAT national inventory 2000 Main assumption: the spatial proxies have not changed too much CESI has already sent the data and given the official authorization SCALED POMI INVENTORY 2005 (municipal disagg) APAT 2005 (national) CESI 2000 (municipal disagg.) Scaling for consistency across scales? (EMEP  PoValley  Lombardy)

POMI : Emission inventories SELECTED POLLUTANTS PROPOSED SET OF POLLUTANTS: INEMAR: SOx, NOx, COV, CH4, CO, CO2, NH3, N2O, PTS, PM10, PM2.5 CESI disaggregation of APAT inventory: SOx, NOx, COV, CO, NH3, PM10 POMI: PM2.5, PM10, NH3, VOC, SO2, NO, NO2, CO

POMI : Emission inventories GRIDDING OF THE POMI EMISSION INVENTORY (1) GRIDDING OF EMISSIONS AT DIFFERENT SPATIAL RESOLUTIONS: 3 km Number of cells Resol. Po-Valley 95 x 65 6 km Lombardy 80 x 80 3 km EMEP To be def. (50 km) 6 km 50 km

POMI : Emission inventories GRIDDING OF THE POMI EMISSION INVENTORY (2) SPATIAL DISAGGREGATION OF MUNICIPAL ANNUAL EMISSIONS: POINT SOURCES as separate entities DIFFUSE municipal emissions allocated to sub-municipal spatial entities Disaggregation based on different LAND USE ASSIGNATION PROFILES PROFILES are specific for each emission source sector and land use Land use: CORINE Land Cover (Level 3)

POMI : Emission inventories GRIDDING OF THE POMI EMISSION INVENTORY (3) SPATIAL DISAGGREGATION WITH LAND USE WEIGHTING PROFILES : Emissions are distributed, per sector, among different CORINE land use classes according to their respective weighting factors. weighting factors were derived from the calculation of “emission density” of each emission sector in each land use type Method established in the EC-founded IMPRESAERO project** Same method used in the City-Delta project: refinement of Land Use assignation profiles for Lombardy (Maffeis, G. et al.) **Winiwarter, W.; Vlachogiannis, D.; Gounaris, N.; Bartzis, J.; Ekstrand, S.; Tamponi, M.; Maffeis, G.; Licotti, C.; Dore, C.; Hayman, G. (2001): Final Method Evaluation: Development of Spatially Resolved Emission Inventories for Milan and Athens; WP8000 of the EC research project IMPRESAREO; ARC Seibersdorf research Report, ARC-S-0154, 60 pages.

POMI : Emission inventories IMPRESAERO – Different levels of accuracy Point sources (and line sources) treated as separated entities Point sources should be geo-located as points Which point sources will be considered as separated entities? (Truncation) are stacks characteristics available for plume rise calculation? INEMAR OK – geo-located sources In CESI 2000? (or APAT) are point sources specified? Line sources available only with INEMAR – not available outside Lombardy at present

POMI : Emission inventories SPATIAL DISAGGREGATION WITH LAND USE WEIGHTING PROFILES Already tested at the JRC (central part of Po Valley) – INEMAR emissions Solved the problem of Corine in Switzerland Disaggregation: only diffuse emissions (for each municipality) Point sources and linear sources are considered separately

POMI : Emission inventories TEMPORAL DISAGGREGATION OF THE POMI EMISSION GRIDS City Delta time profiles (G.Maffeis et al.) A classification of all the cells of the domain in climatic zones will be done Coefficients for the application of time disaggregation profiles will be supplied by the JRC and applied by the modellers Mainly based on the following factors: Type of pollutant Source sector (SNAP) Quota and climatic zone (degrees-day of the municipality) Season (winter, spring, summer and autumn) Day of week (week days, holiday days and pre-holiday days) Daily variation (along 24 hours) CTN ACE time profiles are another option

POMI : Emission inventories DISTRIBUTION OF POMI EMISSION DATA Emission data generated by the JRC An ftp server is ready for data exchange CD/DVD could be a further option GRID resolution and geographic coordinate system Geographic re-projection of the proposed according to specific model needs? Data format City Delta data format Other options?

POMI : Emission inventories Planned improvements of inventories (1) Survey on residential wood combustion Application of Copert4 to the national emission dataset on the whole Po Valley Using a refined vehicle fleet distribution – already elaborated for all the municipalities characteristics of the house combustion system used frequency residential use of wood; kind and quantity of wood used trend of wood consumption.

POMI : Emission inventories Planned improvements of inventories (2) Transport model for the PO valley Transport OFFER DEMAND Traffic Assignment Call for tender: fall/summer 2008 Output: CES early/fall 2010 JRC will collaborate Planned improvements of inventories: to be used at future stages of POMI