The “War To End All Wars” WORLD WAR ONE 1914 -1918 The”Great War” The “War To End All Wars”

The “Powder keg” of Europe 1914. Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

The Central Powers vs. The Allied Powers Czar Nicholas of Russia King George V of Great Britain Kaiser William II of Germany and Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria- Hungary

The “Spark” that ignites World War One The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by Serbian terrorist, Gavrilo Princip. June 26, 1914

Trench Warfare in World War One “Over the Top” “No Man’s Land” A Bloody Stalemate

New Weapons of War Machine Guns Bi-Planes U-Boats Poison Gas

Death and Destruction of World War One Over Nine Million killed Billions of dollars worth of irreplaceable architecture and artwork are destroyed. Over Nine Million killed

“We must be impartial in thought as well as action.” As a pacifist, President Woodrow Wilson fights to keep America out of World War One “We must be impartial in thought as well as action.” Elected in 1912 as a Progressive Democrat. He is re-elected in 1916 using the slogan, “ He kept us out of war.”

PROPAGANDA

The Sinking of the Lusitania 1915 Contraband

To break the British Blockade and stop supplies from reaching the allies the German’s develop the U-Boat and conduct Unrestricted Submarine Warfare. On May 7, 1915 a German U-Boat sinks the British Liner, “Lusitania”, killing over 1,200 including 128 Americans.

The Zimmerman Note January, 1917 The Proposed German-Mexican Alliance

“To make the world safe for Democracy” Wilson’s War declaration states America is entering the fight to… “To make the world safe for Democracy”

America declares war on Germany April 1917 General John “Black Jack” Pershing. Commander of the A.E.F. A “Doughboy” of the American Expeditionary Forces.

THE HOMEFRONT America’s war effort by civilians in the US was nicknamed the “HOMEFRONT”

The Selective Service Act 1917. Conscription- Compulsory enrollment into military service. 21-30 years of age later 18-45. Four million American men serve in World War One.

Propaganda- Public information used to mold popular support for a cause.

US Army Recruiting Poster

The Committee on Public Information is created to mold US public opinion.

Liberty Bonds are sold by the government to raise $$$ for the war effort.

US civilians are persuaded to conserve certain foods with programs such as “Meatless Mondays” and “Wheatless Wednesdays.” Millions of American families also plant “Victory Gardens”

Sheep Grazing on the White House Lawn

Civil Liberties are Restricted The Espionage Act of 1917 & the Sedition Act of 1918 made obstruction of the war effort illegal. The Sedition Act made it illegal to criticize the President, the Government or the US Army. Anti-war newspapers are censored and anti-war speakers are jailed.

All things German become suspect: German is no longer taught in high schools. Hamburger becomes Salisbury Steak. Dachshunds become Liberty Pups. Some Americans of German descent are jailed without trial.

The Americans and Victory American troop ships heading to France were escorted across the Atlantic Ocean by convoys.

Vladimir Lenin In October of 1917, Bolsheviks under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin took over Russia. They withdrew Russia from the war and later on they created the Soviet Union.

Alvin York Congressional Medal of Honor

Battle of Argonne Forest After a failed German offensive in September of 1918, US General Pershing assembled 600,000 troops and launched the largest offensive in American history. The Germans surrendered on 11-11-1918. “Armistice Day”

Military Deaths By Country France = 1,385,000 Great Britain = 910,000 United States = 106,000 Germany= 1,773,000 Austria-Hungary = 1,200,000 Ottoman Empire = 325,000 Russia = 4,950,000

Frank Buckles, 1901-2011 The last surviving American “Doughboy”. He was 110 years old.