AULÃO INGLÊS - UDESC 2013/2 - MIGUEL ARCANJO

Personal Pronouns I love you! This is my problem, not yours. Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun I you he she it we they me you him her it us them my your his her its our their mine yours his hers - ours theirs myself yourself himself herself Itself ourselves yourselves themselves I love you! This is my problem, not yours. Judy can take car of herself.

Relative Pronouns You are the professional whom I’m looking for. that which who (whom) que You are the professional whom I’m looking for. which whom qual quem This is the policy in which I believe. whose cujo John is the man whose car was stolen. where what when onde que quando This is the moment when I say goodbye.

Prepostions aboard about above across after against along amid among anti around as at before behind below beneath beside besides between beyond but by in inside into concerning considering past per plus under underneath unlike until up upon despite down during of off on onto opposite outside over regarding round save since than through to toward towards except excepting excluding versus via with within without following for from

Prepostions Classes will be over within a week. time Classes will be over within a week. place These words come within my heart. agent This poem was written by Edgar Allan Paul. device Getting around by bus seems very difficult.

Linking Words although though even though In spite of despite notwithstanding for example for instance like as However, yet yet nonetheless nevertheless hence therefore thus plus moreover what’s more besides furthermore and because since For as

Articles A car destroyed in an accident. indefinite A car destroyed in an accident. definite The real problems are yet to come.

Gerund Verbo na Forma ING Continuous Adjective Noun

Indefinite Pronouns I have some money in the back. any Have you had any problems? no I have no money to lend you. none None of you will understand what is in my head. compounds thing – where – time – body - one.

Nouns Trained dogs can become lethal weapons. Make love, not war. Countable Trained dogs can become lethal weapons. Uncountable Make love, not war. gerund Dancing is really restoring!

Adverbs The train hasn't arrived yet. We saw you there. time The train hasn't arrived yet. place We saw you there. manner You must drive your car carefully. frequency I won’t be home very often.

Verb Tenses She sings in a band. She sang in a band last year. Simple Present She sings in a band. Simple Past She sang in a band last year. Simple Future She will sing in a band. Immediate Future She is going to sing in a band. Future of the Past She would sing in a band. Present Perfect She has sung in a band. Past Perfect She had sung in a band. Continuous = verb be + ing.

Modal We all can attain our goals. Could Mark could ride a bike when he was 8. May Studies may prove you are wrong. Might It might rain tomorro. Must Mark must see a doctor. Should Sammy should see a doctor too. Ought to You ought to show respect to the elderly.

Phrasal Verbs We had to make up a story to convience him to come. go without When I was young, we went without winter boots. hand smth down I handed my old comic books down to my little cousin. pass away His uncle passed away last night after a long illness. wear off Most of my make-up wore off before I got to the party.

Comparative of Superiority long adjectives Josh is more handsome than Jerry. short adjectives Jane is taller than Sue. good Water is better than soda. bad Winter is worse than summer. far Hawaii is farther than Japan.

Superlative of Superiority long adjectives Sally is the most attractive girl that I know. short adjectives That tower is the highest bulding in the city. good Physics is the best subject in school. bad Randy’s is the worst restaurant in town. far Hawaii is the farthest place on Earth.

Passive and Active Voice They have cut more trees. Passive Voice More trees have been cut. Active Voice Shirley loves you very much. Passive Voice You are loved by Shirley very much.

a) personal pronoun, reflexive pronoun, object pronoun 1. (2010-1) The words “We” (line 1), “our” (line 5), “us” (line 6), are consecutively:   a) personal pronoun, reflexive pronoun, object pronoun b) object pronoun, possessive adjective, personal pronoun c) object pronoun, personal pronoun, possessive adjective d) personal pronoun, reflexive pronoun, possessive adjective e) personal pronoun, possessive adjective, object pronoun e

a) to learn, to meet, to bring, to try 2. The infinitive of the verbs: “learned” (line 1), “met” (line 2), “brought” (line 9), “tried” (line 15) , is consecutively: a) to learn, to meet, to bring, to try b) to larne, to met, to broug, to trie c) to learn, to met, to bring, to tri d) to learne, to meet, to brough, to try e) to lear, to meet, to bring, to tri a

a) surmounting (line 15) is a substantive 3. Mark the alternative which represents the correct grammar use of the vocabulary in the text. a) surmounting (line 15) is a substantive b) Best of all (line 5) is a comparative of superiority c) powerful (line 10) is an adverb d) thus (line 21) is an adverb e) back (line 11) is a part of the body d

4. The two underlined sentences are consecutively: a) question tag and present perfect. b) simple past question and simple present question. c) tag question and simple present question. d) simple past question and imperative. e) tag question and imperative. a

a) adverb, comparative of superiority, pronoun, adverb. 5. (2010-1) The words: “yearly” (line 2), “higher” (line 10), “rainy” (line 16), “which” (line 10), are used consecutively in the text as:   a) adverb, comparative of superiority, pronoun, adverb. b) noun, adverb, relative pronoun, adjective. c) comparative of superiority, noun, adverb, comparative of superiority. d) adverb, comparative of superiority, noun, adjective. e) adjective, comparative of superiority, adjective, pronoun. e

a) idiom, adjective, preposition. b) noun, number, preposition. 6. (2010-1) The words “even though” (line 17), “a three-way” (line 18), “upon” (line 19), are used consecutively in the text as:   a) idiom, adjective, preposition. b) noun, number, preposition. c) substantive, noun, preposition. d) noun, adjective, conjunction. e) idiom, number, noun. a

7. (2011-1) The correct verb tense used in the sentence “… others have been bitten by the travel bug…” (lines 2 and 3) is:   a) past perfect. b) present simple. c) present perfect. d) past simple. e) active voice. c

8. (2011-1) Some of the prepositions we find in the text are:   8. (2011-1) Some of the prepositions we find in the text are: a) for, also, that, the. b) to, the, of, for. c) of, the, or, and. d) and, that, from, into. e) into, of, from, for. e

e) present perfect continuous. 9. (2011-1) The words “collecting” (line 7), “processing” (line 7) and “remanufacturing” (line 7) are being used in the text as:   a) negative inversion. b) gerund. c) simple present. d) subjunctive. e) present perfect continuous. b

b) an adverb, a superlative, an adverb, a conjunction. 10. (2011-2) The words “roughly” (line 11), “lighter” (line 10), “nearby” (line 21) and “Plus” (line 10) are used in the text as:   a) an adverb, a comparative of superiority, an adjective, a conjunction. b) an adverb, a superlative, an adverb, a conjunction. c) a conjunction, a comparative of inferiority, a verb and an adverb. d) a subjunctive, comparative of superiority, preposition and an adjective. e) a conjunction, a superlative, a preposition, an adverb. a

b) comparative of superiority c) superlative d) equality e) synonyms 11.(2012-1) The words “biggest” (line 6) and “brightest” (line 6) are examples of:   a) inferiority b) comparative of superiority c) superlative d) equality e) synonyms c

12. (2012-1) The verb tenses “have speculated” (line 4), “have determined” (line 7) and “have known” (line 16) are:   a) Past perfect b) Simple present c) Present perfect d) Past participle e) Gerund c

13. Mark the correct alternative which replaces the underlined expression in: “We made stuff up”.   a) invented b) destroyed c) controlled d) sold e) reached a

text, then mark the correct alternative. 14. Analyze the sentences which contain the correct grammar definition from words, as used in the text, then mark the correct alternative.   I. Outside: adverb of place; stuff: noun. II. Commercially: adverb of manner; until: adjective. III. Turned out: gerund; overnight: adverb of time. IV. Stuff: noun; commercially: adjective. V. Were used and applied: passive voice; turned out: phrasal verb. a) I and V are correct. b) I, II and V are correct. c) III and IV are correct. d) II and IV are correct. e) All options are correct a

a) not only you will be scandalized by seeing good… 15. (2011-1) The negative inversion of “…you will be scandalized by seeing good… ” (line 1) would be:   a) not only you will be scandalized by seeing good… b) hardly will you be scandalized by seeing good… c) you will not be scandalized by seeing good … d) since will not you be scandalized by seeing good… e) as you will be scandalized by seeing good … e

Recycle – Reduce – Reuse Easier – Recycle means to process old, used items in order that the material can be used to make new products. Examples of things that are often recycled are glass, plastic, newspapers, aluminum cans, used motor oil, and batteries. Here, reduce refers to lessening the amount of items or resources that are consumed, using only the amount that is needed, and looking for alternatives that will lessen our use. And reuse means extending the 'life' or repurposing an item rather than discarding or throwing it away. Harder – Recycling is the processes of collecting, processing, remanufacturing, and reusing materials instead of discarding them. This helps conserve raw materials and energy that manufacturers would otherwise use in producing new products. Recycling also reduces the amount of material going into landfills. Recycling helps lessen the pollution that may result from waste disposal. Reducing our consumption of materials and reducing the waste of materials also adds to the conservation of our resources.

16. The word “lessening” (line 3) means: a) to become stronger.   a) to become stronger. b) to throw things away. c) to help. d) to take care of something. e) to become weaker. e

17. Mark the correct alternative. a) Reuse materials won ́t sum up resources. b) Plastic, paper and batteries are seldom recycled. c) To search for new possibilities of using things, would lessen the consumerism. d) Throwing things away would reduce consumerism. e) Recycle is throwing away things into landfills. c

18. Mark the incorrect alternative.   a) Recycle is the process of discarding materials. b) If we recycle we will have less materials going into landfills. c) Using things longer means extending their “life”. d) We can recycle cans, glass and newspapers. e) Some pollution may come from waste disposal. b