Open your textbook to page 282. January 15 & 20 Bell Work Open your textbook to page 282. Answer the Check Point Questions for Section 8.1

Today’s Agenda Bell Work Discussion and Notes over Section 8.1 Activity - Interview with George Washington Homework: Read pages 290-297 Section 8.2 & 8.3 and complete interview DO NOT FORGET YOUR FINAL NHD PROJECT IS DUE ON FRIDAY!!!!!!

Section 8.1 Objectives Discuss how the new government was organized during Washington’s presidency. Explain why the new nation faced an economic crisis. Identify the three parts of Hamilton’s financial plan. Describe how Washington responded to the Whiskey Rebellion.

Section Focus Question How did President Washington set the course for the new nation? George Washington oversaw the creation of new federal departments and asked Alexander Hamilton to tackle the nation’s debt problem.

The First President In April 1789, George Washington traveled from Virginia to the temporary nation’s capital, New York City, to begin his term as the first President of the United States. Why did the American people need a strong first President?

Washington’s Inauguration

The First President The Constitution provided only a general outline for organizing the government. The first job of the President and the Congress was to set up a working government. First, Congress passed laws to set up three departments for the executive branch: Treasury, State, and War.

The Executive Branch Washington appointed four important men to take the new posts. Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury (expert on economic affairs) Thomas Jefferson – Secretary of State (his job was to manage relations with foreign countries) Henry Knox – Secretary of War Edmund Randolph – Attorney General

The First Cabinet Thomas Jefferson Alexander Hamilton

The First Cabinet Edmund Randolph Henry Knox

Judicial Branch The Judiciary Act of 1789 provided for a Supreme Court with 6 justices. Under the Supreme Court were 3 circuit courts and 13 district courts. The main job of the federal courts was to hear appeals from the state courts. Washington appointed John Jay as the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

The Nation’s First Challenge The American Revolution left the nation deeply in debt. The federal government owed $52 million mainly in the form of bonds. To whom did the government owe money? The government owed money to individuals who had purchased bonds during the war and to the states.

The Nation’s First Challenge How did purchasing the bonds help the war effort? By purchasing bonds, citizens loaned the government money to help fund the war. The states spent a great deal of money to help fund the war. Look at the chart on page 284

Hamilton’s Financial Plan Hamilton’s Economy Recovery Plan included 3 parts: 1. U.S. government would agree to pay all federal and state debts. 2. U.S. government would charter a national bank for depositing government funds. 3. Government would impose a high tax on goods imported into the country.

Hamilton’s Financial Plan Congress debated his plan for 6 months. Southerners agreed to support Hamilton’s plan to have the federal government repay the wartime debt. In return, the government would build its new capital city in the South between Virginia and Maryland.

Hamilton’s Financial Plan 2nd part of Hamilton’s plan involved the creation of a privately owned national bank of the United States. The bank would provide a safe place to deposit government funds. The bank plan was debated by Congress.

The National Bank Debate Strict interpretation of the Constitution – Led by Jefferson Opposed the bank because he believed that the law establishing the bank was unconstitutional. Jefferson argued that the Constitution did not include a provision for a national bank

The National Bank Debate Loose interpretation of the Constitution Led By Alexander Hamilton He used Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution to support his case. Also known as the “Necessary and Proper” Clause. This clause suggested that there were things not directly permitted by the Constitution that Congress could do.

Strict vs. Loose Strict Interpretation Loose Interpretation Jefferson believed that the Constitution permits only what it specifically says. Hamilton argued that Constitution gave Congress the power to make all laws “necessary and proper” for fulfilling its duties.

The National Bank Debate In 1791, Congress passed the law establishing the bank. Washington signed it. Why do you think it was important for Washington to support Hamilton’s financial plan? Important for Washington to set a precedent for dealing with debt and interpreting the Constitution.

Hamilton’s Financial Plan The final part of Hamilton’s plan called for a high tariff to raise money for the federal government. The tariff also protected U.S. manufacturers from foreign competition. The tariff was the only part of Hamilton’s plan that Congress did not pass because southerners opposed it. Why? Southerners argued that a high tariff would help the North, where most industries were located, while making southerners pay more for the goods they bought.

Whiskey Rebellion 1791 – Congress imposed a tax on all whiskey made and sold in the U.S. This tax was part of Hamilton’s plan to pay down the war debt. Backcountry farmers resented the new whiskey tax. They thought it was unfair to tax their “liquid corn,” or whiskey. Farmers organized protests and refused to pay the tax.

Whiskey Rebellion 1794 – Officials in western Pennsylvania tried to collect the tax. Farmers rebelled against tax collectors by burning down the home of the tax collector.

Whiskey Rebellion The violent protest became known as the Whiskey Rebellion. Washington acted quickly and sent in the 13,000 troops to Pennsylvania Why do you think Washington used an armed force rather than negotiating with the farmers? He wanted to establish the government’s policy that rebellion would not be tolerated.

In-Class Activity You will work in pairs to write an interview with George Washington in which you will ask him about the main ideas in the section and he responds. Write down the dialogue of your interview with one student asking questions as the interviewer and the other responding as George Washington You will need 10 questions.