Industrial Effluent Discharge and Pollution Renaldo du Toit

Africa Remediation Technologies (ART) Company Background Specialist Water and Wastewater Consultants 12 year history of successful projects ART is: 51% black military veteran owned Inline with treasury preferential procurement policies A Level 2 QSE service provider Professionals offering expert engineering and environmental services: Process Design, Refurbishment and Upgrade of Water & Waste Water Treatment Infrastructure Dry sanitation Installations includes user education, maintenance and contractor development Process Optimisation and Water Management through Process Integration Water Conservation and Water Demand Management Studies, Strategies, Implementation and Monitoring Programmes Water Resource Planning, Augmentation and Re-use Programmes Reticulation Network Infrastructure assessment 2

Industrial Effluent Pollution Effect Pollution Impact on Environment Conveyance Infrastructure not Coping Fat from abattoir and TSS from rumen content, as well as other suspended solids from more industries on the same line damaging/blocking sewer outfall 3

Industrial Effluent Pollution Effect Pollution Impact on Environment Conveyance Infrastructure not Coping Blocked line overflowing with abattoir effluent (COD > 8 000mg/l) Suspended Solids also damaged the pump station in this case 4

Industrial Effluent Pollution Effect COST Impact on Treatment Assume Plant Copes with Load (Not Overloaded) COST Ti – Monthly charges associated with industry’s effluent C - The C value is a factor in percentage for the full cost of effluent treatment and therefore includes amongst other components, treatment, distribution, admin and resources charges, etc. The percentage adopted is typically 15% of the sanitation budget. Qi - sewage flow (as defined in the Council’s Waste Water by-laws) originating from the relevant premises in kilolitres per day determined for the relevant month Qt -five year average of total sewage inflow (as defined in the Council’s Waste Water By-laws) to the Council’s sewage disposal system in kilolitre per day 5

Industrial Effluent Pollution Effect COST Impact on Treatment Assume Plant Copes with Load (Not Overloaded) COST CODi - average chemical oxygen demand of the sample originating from the relevant premises in milligrams per litre determined for the relevant month CODt - five year annual average chemical oxygen demand of the sewage in the total inflow to the Council’s sewage disposal system in milligrams per litre; Pi - average Ortho-phosphate concentration originating from the relevant premises in milligrams phosphorus per litre determined for the relevant month; Pt - five year annual average Ortho-phosphate concentration of the sewage in the total inflow to the Council’s sewage disposal system in milligrams phosphorus per litre; 6

Industrial Effluent Pollution Effect COST Impact on Treatment Assume Plant Copes with Load (Not Overloaded) COST Ni - average ammonia concentration originating from the relevant premises in milligrams nitrogen per litre determined for the relevant month; Nt - five year annual average ammonia concentration of the sewage in the total inflow to the Council’s sewage disposal system in milligrams nitrogen per litre; SSi- average suspended solids concentration originating from the relevant premises in milligrams per litre determined for the relevant month; SSt - five year annual average suspended solids concentration of the sewage in the total inflow to the Council’s sewage disposal system in milligrams per litre; a, b, d, e and f are portion associated with treatment and conveyance, removal of oxygen demand, removal of phosphates, removal of ammonia and removal of suspended solids respectively. 7

Industrial Effluent Pollution Effect Pollution Impact on Environment When Plant is Overloaded 8

Industrial Effluent Pollution Effect Pollution Impact on Environment When Plant is Overloaded 9

Industrial Effluent Management Objectives Sustainable treatment Financial sustainability (revenue generation) Prevent plant and conveyance overloading/damage Stimulation of Economic Development (Don’t chase them away) 10

Industrial Effluent Management The Management System Industrial Effluent Discharge permits Associated tariff structures Effective and up to date bylaws Industrial Effluent Monitoring Integration of all of the above 11

Industrial Effluent Management How to Achieve Industry Compliance? Legislation/Punitive measures By-laws that works 12

Industrial Effluent Management How to Achieve Industry Compliance? What if I don’t have bylaws? – There ARE other tools Duty to prevent pollution National Water Act 1998 Article 19, regarding prevention and remedying effects of pollution Article 20, regarding the control of emergency incidents Article 29, regarding licenses Water Services Act 1997 Article 7, regarding the industrial use of water Article 21, regarding bylaws Article 82, regarding offences 13

Industrial Effluent Management How to Achieve Industry Compliance? What if I don’t have bylaws? – There ARE other tools Penalties and powers of enforcement National Water Act 1998 Article 19, regarding prevention and remedying effects of pollution Article 20, regarding the control of emergency incidents Article 29, regarding licenses Water Services Act 1997 Article 82, regarding offences Article 80, regarding entry and inspection of property Article 81, regarding expropriation 14

Industrial Effluent Management How to Achieve Industry Compliance? What if I don’t have bylaws? – There ARE other tools Penalties and powers of enforcement Local Government: Municipal Systems Act 2000 Article 96, regarding debt collection responsibilities of municipalities Article 97, regarding credit control and debt collection policies Article 98, regarding bylaws giving effect to credit control policy Article 99, regarding a supervisory authority Article 100, regarding an implementing authority Article 101, regarding a Municipality’s right of access to premises Article 102, regarding accounts Article 109, regarding legal proceedings 15

Industrial Effluent Management How to Achieve Industry Compliance? Approach 2 – BETER RESULTS - Work TOGETHER Benchmarking through WRC’s Natsurv Series on South African Industries Best Available Technologies (BAT) - WRC’s Wader Program and other industry leading technologies Water Management Tools (such as process integration) Government/Industry interaction Government Industry Communication Dialog Collaboration Guidance vs Forced Compliance Self-Monitoring Credit: Danish Ministry of Environment and Food 16