Explain how Canada became an independent nation. STANDARDS: SS6H4 The student will describe the impact of European contact on Canada. Describe the influence of the French and the English on the language and religion of Canada. Explain how Canada became an independent nation.   © Brain Wrinkles

History of CANADA © Brain Wrinkles

First Nations The First Nations are the native peoples of Canada. They came from Asia over 12,000 years ago. They crossed the Bering Land Bridge that joined Russia to Alaska. There were 12 tribes that made up the First Nations. © Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

Inuit The Inuit are one of the First Nation tribes that still live in Canada today. In 1999, Canada’s government gave the Inuit Nunavut Territory in northeast Canada. © Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

France In 1534, explorer Jacques Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence River. Cartier claimed the land for France named it “New France”. In 1608, Samuel de Champlain built the first permanent French settlement in the New World (called Quebec). © Brain Wrinkles

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New France The French called their territory “New France” and soon fur traders were joined by French farmers, merchants, and missionaries from the Catholic Church. They brought with them French laws, traditions, and religion. You couldn’t move to New France if you weren’t Catholic. ~~~~~~ © Brain Wrinkles

New France New France grew to include much of eastern Canada and the central US. It soon became an important part of the French empire, providing timber, fish, furs, and other valuable resources. © Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

British in Canada England saw New France’s success and wanted their share of Canada’s rich natural resources. British explorers moved west into Canada’s prairies and on to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. The British also colonized the region south of New France. ~~~~~ © Brain Wrinkles

French & Indian War Soon, both France and England wanted control of the resources in North America. To protect their resources, the French built several military forts from Canada all the way down to the Gulf of Mexico. Some of these forts were built on land claimed by Great Britain, and in 1754, a battle at one of the forts marked the beginning of the French & Indian War. © Brain Wrinkles

French & Indian War The war involved Great Britain and the Iroquois Indians versus France and the Huron Indians. France ultimately lost the war and Great Britain conquered New France in 1754. New France officially came under British control when it was forced to sign the Treaty of Paris in 1763. © Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

American Revolution ~~~~ In 1776, Americans gained independence from Great Britain. This initiated a huge cultural change in Canada. Americans who did not believe in independence left America and moved to Quebec (New France). These people were called “Loyalists” because they were loyal to Great Britain. As a result, Quebec began to have people who spoke English as well as French. ~~~~ © Brain Wrinkles

Quebec Act Many Loyalists did not want to live among French-speaking Canadians. Cultural differences between the English speakers & French speakers sparked many conflicts. In 1774, the British government passed the Quebec Act. © Brain Wrinkles

Quebec Act The British allowed the French to stay in Quebec, but continued to control the region. The Quebec Act guaranteed the French the right to maintain their culture (language, religion, traditions). © Brain Wrinkles

Results It gave French Canadians in Quebec the right to continue practicing the Catholic religion and allowed French civil law. Loyalists were irritated with the new political & cultural power of the French. They could not own land or have representation in Quebec’s government. The differences among the two groups eventually led to a re-division of the country. © Brain Wrinkles

Division of Canada In 1791, the British government drew new boundaries in Canada, dividing Quebec into two colonies. Each colony was ruled by a British governor. Most of the French people lived in “Lower Canada” and most of the British people lived in “Upper Canada”. © Brain Wrinkles

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War of 1812 During this war, the French and British worked together against the United States, who tried to invade Canada. The war resulted in a draw, but it defined the US-Canadian border and increased a sense of Canadian nationalism. Both French Canadians and English Canadians joined to protect their land—they were more united than ever before. © Brain Wrinkles

© Brain Wrinkles

Unrest They felt as if Britain was to far to rule properly. So now the French and the English realized they hated being under Great Britain’s control. They felt as if Britain was to far to rule properly. © Brain Wrinkles

Province of Canada Great Britain didn’t want to repeat what happened in the American Revolution. So they let Canada govern themselves all except foreign affairs. There was no more Upper and Lower. Canada became ONE. © Brain Wrinkles

Influences Because of French and English settlement the official languages are French and English. However, French is still mostly spoken in Quebec. Canada’s two major religions are Protestantism (English) and Catholicism (French). © Brain Wrinkles

Quebec Seeks Independence pg. 152

TEACHER INFO: Find Someone Who… Print off the Find Someone Who handout for each student. Give the students several minutes to walk around the classroom and ask their classmates different questions on the sheet. When a classmate knows the answer, the student will write the answer (that the classmate said) down and the classmate will sign his/her name in the box. They can’t ask the same person more than once! When time is up, check the answers to make sure all are correct.   © Brain Wrinkles

Find Someone Who… Directions: You will have a few minutes to walk around the classroom and poll your classmates about what they know about important dates in Canada’s history. If your classmate knows the answer, you write the answer down and they will sign their name in the box. You can’t ask the same person more than once! When we finish, we will check the answers. 1. When did Samuel de Champlain establish the first permanent French settlement? 2. What happened in 1841? 3. Who lost the French and Indian War? 4. What happened in 1497? 5. Who received Nunavut territory in 1999? 6. When was the Dominion of Canada established? 7. What happened in 1812? 8. In what year did New France officially come under British control? 9. When was the Quebec Act signed? 10. What happened in 1000 CE? 11. What did the Statute of Westminster do in 1931? 12. When did Jacques Cartier claim land along the St. Lawrence River for France? 13. What was the result of Canadians rebelling against the British in 1837? 14. What happened in 1791? 15. When was the Transcontinental Railroad built across Canada? © Brain Wrinkles

Find Someone Who… KEY Directions: You will have a few minutes to walk around the classroom and poll your classmates about what they know about important dates in Canada’s history. If your classmates know the answers, you write the answer down and they will sign their name in the box. You can’t ask the same person more than once! When we finish, we will check the answers. 1. When did Samuel de Champlain establish the first permanent French settlement? 1608 2. What happened in 1841? Upper and Lower Canada were united 3. Who lost the French and Indian War? France 4. What happened in 1497? John Cabot claimed Newfoundland for England 5. Who received Nunavut territory in 1999? Inuit 6. When was the Dominion of Canada established? 1867 7. What happened in 1812? War of 1812 defined US/Canadian border, increased sense of Canadian nationalism 8. In what year did New France officially come under British control? 1763 9. When was the Quebec Act signed? 1774 10. What happened in 1000 CE? Norse invaders built settlement on Canada’s northeast coast 11. What did the Statute of Westminster do in 1931? Gave Canada legislative independence from Great Britain 12. When did Jacques Cartier claim land along the St. Lawrence River for France? 1534 13. What was the result of Canadians rebelling against the British in 1837? Britain set up government where Canadians could govern themselves 14. What happened in 1791? Quebec was divided into Upper and Lower Canada 15. When was the Transcontinental Railroad built across Canada? 1886 © Brain Wrinkles