International Relations The Peace Settlement 1918-1928 Section 2

Lesson 1 How can you stop a war?

Armistice

Make sure you’re explaining the point you made! 2 Mark questions Make sure you’re explaining the point you made! Make a point Explain it Give one reason why Germany wanted an armistice. (2) Once you have answered your question swap and mark your partners. They need to have the wording of the question with the reason in the first sentence and have developed the point they made in the second sentence.

6 mark questions A bit like 2 mark but with 3 points this time. Each point needs to be a little longer so aim for at least 3 sentences for each point this time. What were the main terms of the Armistice? (6)

Ending the fighting Initially the Germans had asked for the fighting to stop on 8th November when the German delegation had met with the Allies. However, Marshall Foch had refused to do so until the armistice was actually signed. On 11th November it was agreed that the war would ceasefire at 11 am – this meant that the fighting ended on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month. This was symbolic but historians have estimated that approximately 10,000 men were killed, missing of wounded in the six hours between the actual signing of the armistice and waiting for 11 am to stop the fighting.

Applying knowledge Set your own 2 mark questions on ending the fighting for your partner to try.

Lesson 2 The big three

Big 3 Conference http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir1/bigthree_video.shtml

Write it out if you prefer Highlight the agreements of all 3 in one colour Highlight where 2 agree in another colour Highlight where all 3 disagree with each other Highlight where 2 disagree Write it out if you prefer

Colour code Wilson’s points in terms if they were to: Remember to add a key! Colour code Wilson’s points in terms if they were to: Preventing another War Give self-determination

Hot Seat We need a Clemenceau, Lloyd George and Wilson volunteer to answer questions from the class on what they want from the Treaty of Versailles. What did the Big Three agree on? (6)

Lesson 3 Treaty of Versailles

Write a short speech from the point of view of each character, explaining what they each want from a peace treaty. Think about what each country had particularly suffered during the First World War.

Why did Germany refer to the treaty as ‘Diktat’? (2) The ‘Diktat’ At Versailles 27 nations were represented but us defeated countries were not allowed to attend. We are not happy about this and refer to the treaty as the ‘Diktat’ because it had been dictated to us, not negotiated. It gave people Hitler an excuse to ignore it later when he became leader Why did Germany refer to the treaty as ‘Diktat’? (2)

What if Germany had been present at The Treaty of Versailles...

Terms of the Treaty http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir1/thetreaty_video.shtml As we go through the terms of the Treaty add examples and specific details to these pictures

6 marks Describe 3 of the land restrictions imposed on Germany Describe 3 military restrictions imposed on Germany What would be the hardest term for a German to accept?

How did people react to the treaty? Lesson 4 How did people react to the treaty?

Link a Simon Cowell reaction to one of the countries ... B Britain France America Germany A C E D

Now write a sentence summing up the reaction. Watch the video and read the following slides to see if you are correct... http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir1/opinions_video.shtml

Write a front page newspaper article from the country of your choice on your countries reactions to the Treaty Who is missing? Another War? Vengeance! Verräter! Betrayed!

Explain your reasoning. Predict what you think will happen as an outcome of the Treaty Of Versailles. Explain your reasoning.

Lesson 5 Other treaties

Write the relevant Treaty effecting each country shown on your map

Mark on your map the terms of the Treaty of Sevres

No. 3 The Treaty of Trianon, No. 4 Treaty of Lausanne or Sevres (6) In groups of 4: number 1 answer the key features of the Treaty of St.Germain, no. 2 Treaty of Neuilly . No. 3 The Treaty of Trianon, No. 4 Treaty of Lausanne or Sevres (6) Peer Mark

Problems: Russia Russia posed a problem as at the beginning of the war Russia had been on the side of the Allies. However, in 1917 two revolutions broke out in Russia, overthrowing the Tsar (king) and bringing in a ‘Bolshevik’ government which had immediately faced a civil war when the supporters of the Tsar tried to bring him back. The Bolsheviks could not fight a civil war and a war against Germany at the same time and they had always said that they would end Russia’s involvement in the war with Germany anyway. As a result, Bolshevik Russia made peace with Germany in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918. Part of the terms of this treaty was that Russia had to hand over large areas of land to Germany in exchange for peace.

After the war the Allies were not going to let Germany keep these gains but did not accept the Bolshevik government as legal, so they did not want to return the land that Russia had given up. The land that Russia had given up in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was made up of largely distinct national groups. By Wilson’s policy of self-determination Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania were made independent states under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Parts of Russian territory were given to Poland. Only Ukraine was returned to Russia.

Learn the terms for an amazing quiz next lesson! What were the problems the Allies faced with Russia? (6)

Lesson 6 Problems with Germany What is happening in your picture?

How did this happen? During 1921-23 Germany suffered a number of problems, particularly economic . It was seriously in debt due to the reparations and its industry was destroyed. In July 1922 Germany fell behind in its reparation payments and it said that it would not be able to pay in 1923 or 1924. Already by 1923 the Allies had reduced the amount set at Versailles twice, realising that Germany would never be able to pay the original sum. However, it is true to say that Germany resented every penny they had to pay and was deliberately paying as little as possible. Students to answer question before shown Divide the information on the next few slides into political and economic factors

How could the problem be solved?

Which helped improve relations with Germany the most: Stresemann, Dawes, Kellogg-Briand, Lacarno? Explain your answer. But I make cereal too! Pick me! Dawes Locarno!

6 Mark Questions What were the key features of the Locarno Pact? What were the key features of the Dawes Plan? What were the key features of the Kellogg-Briand Pact?

Lesson 7 League of nations What was it and how did it work? http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir1/aims_video.shtml

List 2 ways war could be avoided in the future. Collective security The League of Nations was born out of the Versailles conference (1919). At the conference President Wilson had pushed for an international organisation that would increase international co-operation and hopefully prevent war on the scale of the First World War from happening again. The Covenant of the League (a set of 26 Articles that all members agreed to follow) was written into each of the individual treaties that were drawn up after the war. These articles were guidelines as to how nations could avoid war in the future. List 2 ways war could be avoided in the future. Nations agreed to work together to protect any member that was threatened by another country. This was called collective security. If any member country went to war, other countries would stop trading with it (economic sanctions). Military action might also be taken. All member countries were encouraged (but not forced) to disarm. There was to be increased co-operation between countries in business, trade and improving the living and working conditions of people across the world.

Can you match the relevant body to its description? League Card Sort Can you match the relevant body to its description?

How successful was the League of Nations? Strengths Weaknesses Structure (how the league was organised) Membership (Who belonged and didn’t belong) Powers (what the League could do) Settling disputes Self-first Reputation Copy and complete the first 3 sections of the table...

Lesson 8 Settling Disputes

How successful was the League of Nations? Add settling disputes to your table What was the biggest error of the LoN in settling disputes? Explain your answer What was the biggest success of the LoN in settling disputes? Explain your answer

Lesson 9 Doomed to Fail?

Doomed to Fail? Reputation Membership Organisation In your groups explain how the factor you have been given would lead to failure? Reputation Membership Organisation ‘Self first’ policies

How successful was the League of Nations? Which picture best summarises the LoN in the 1920s? Explain your answer Finish your table

Lesson 10 12 Mark Essay

EXPLAIN WHY THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS FOUND IT DIFFICULT TO BE FULLY EFFECTIVE IN THE 1920S. (12) For 12 Mark Questions the skills tested are : Identification of factors Explaining the factor and relating to the question Prioritising the factors Linking the factors

Essay! In groups you are going to produce a poster essay to this question. Someone in your group needs to be responsible for the: Introduction 1st paragraph 2nd paragraph 3rd paragraph Links and conclusion This doesn’t mean that they do it all themselves! You are working as a team. They are just responsible for writing it and making sure it is completed

Each group member is going to be responsible for a different section You are going to produce an essay on a poster in your groups to this question Each group member is going to be responsible for a different section Task: EXPLAIN WHY THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS FOUND IT DIFFICULT TO BE FULLY EFFECTIVE IN THE 1920S. (12) Thanks Miss! I love essay writing! Once you have finished you are going to peer mark them You need an introduction with your 3 points which identifies the main reason Your conclusion needs to evaluate why you have picked your main reason Your 3 points need links on them