Prof. Nergis ERDOĞAN 17/Sep/04 - Pamukkale 1 Ancient Hierapolis appears to have been founded by King Eumenes II of Pergamon in 190 B.C. Its name is derived from Hiera, the wife of King Telephos, the legendary founder of Pergamon. The city became subject to Rome in 133 BC. Since Hierapolis was principally a luxury resort town in Roman age it was richly adorned with magnificent sculptures showing the influence of the Aphrodisias School. Pergamon was the most eminent center of culture of the Hellenistic period for 150 years. Asklepion the ancient medical complex, hospital that built in the name of Aesculapius, the god of Health and Medicine, has existed since the 4th century B.C. It contains rooms where the patients were cured by the sound of water and music. Here, the dreams of the patients were analyzed by their doctors 2000 years before Sigmund Freud did. One of the important personalities of Asklepion was Galen (Galenus) from the 2nd c. AD. Pamukkale Hierapolis - Historical Aspect

Prof. Nergis ERDOĞAN 17/Sep/04 - Pamukkale 2 The ancient city was strung out on either side of a long colonnaded street called the Plateia that now passes through the modern swimming pool. This main street dividing the ancient city was once decorated with colonnades, porticos, and important buildings located on either side

Prof. Nergis ERDOĞAN 17/Sep/04 - Pamukkale 3 Byzantine gate you come to a rather well preserved section of the Plateia. This part was built during the reign of Domitian (81-96 AD) and terminates with the Arch of Domitian.

Prof. Nergis ERDOĞAN 17/Sep/04 - Pamukkale 4 The well-preserved theater of Hierapolis commands magnificent view of the plain below. The original theater was built above the northern gate, but when the city was rebuilt (60 AD) the theater was relocated here and the seats from the old structure were used in the work.

Prof. Nergis ERDOĞAN 17/Sep/04 - Pamukkale 5 Passing through the city walls above the theater you can see the Martyrion of St. Philip. It was built in the early 5th century and has an impressive structure even now.

Prof. Nergis ERDOĞAN 17/Sep/04 - Pamukkale 6 If you follow the road in the direction of the necropolis you pass by the imposing walls of a building originally erected as baths around the end of the 2nd century AD. It was converted to a church in the 5th century

Prof. Nergis ERDOĞAN 17/Sep/04 - Pamukkale 7 The huge necropolis of Hierapolis, largest ancient graveyard in Anatolia with more than 1200 tombs spreads out on either side of the road for a distance of two kilometers. It contains tumuli, sarcophagi, and house-shaped tombs that range in date from the late Hellenistic period to early Chritian times. The road proceeds on to the hot springs of Karahayit located 4 kilometers away.

Prof. Nergis ERDOĞAN 17/Sep/04 - Pamukkale 8 Aphrodisias is the most important ancient city surroundings Hierapolis. The city dedicated to the goddess of loves Aphrodite. It was a Hellenistic city, founded in the 5th BC and flourished under the Roman Empire (1st c. BC-4th c. AD). In the Byzantine period it was the the metropolitan of Caria. As the capital of Caria Aphrodisias was finally called Caria which then became Geyre in Turkish. APHRODISIAS (Geyre)

Prof. Nergis ERDOĞAN 17/Sep/04 - Pamukkale 9 Aphrodisias was primarily known as a center for the arts, specifically sculpture. The Aphrodisias School of Sculpture had a distinctive style. Statues with corresponding signatures were discovered from Spain to present day Germany and virtually everywhere in the Roman world.

Prof. Nergis ERDOĞAN 17/Sep/04 - Pamukkale 10 The ruins are numerous and well preserved. A two-mile long Byzantine wall still surrounds the city. The Temple of Aphrodite, eventually converted to a Christian basilica, is excellently preserved. The Baths of Hadrian are still partially standing. The theatre and the stadium are one of the best preserved in all eastern Mediterranean.

Prof. Nergis ERDOĞAN 17/Sep/04 - Pamukkale 11 "Denizli, an ancient city named Laodikeia is a famous place near Hierapolis and also famous with its Roosters". The symbol of "Denizli is a domestic species which is well known all over Turkey with its color and body building, harmonious long and beautiful crowing

Prof. Nergis ERDOĞAN 17/Sep/04 - Pamukkale 12 Thank you