Objectives Chapter 5 Define percent Convert among percent, fraction, and decimal numbers Set up percent problems using the percent formula Use proportion to solve percent problems Calculate percent change Solve single trade discount problems Calculate percent strength problems Compare percents that have fractions and decimals

Percents Knowledge of percents in health care will help students understand the percent strength of solutions for patient medications, interest on loans and taxes, and discounts and markups in pharmacies and retail stores. In addition, medical insurance and accounts receivable departments use percentages regularly to determine what portion of an invoice is covered as well as to calculate preferred provider versus out-of-program provider rates and coverage. In general, though, general health care professionals see percent applications less frequently than fraction and decimal applications. Pages 111 - 123

Percents Overview Pages 128 – 129 Percents are another example of a part-to-whole relationship in math. Percents are parts of one hundred & are represented by the % sign. Percents can be written as fractions: 35/100 Knowledge of percents in health care will help you understand the percent strength of solutions for patient medications, interest on loans and taxes, and discounts and mark-ups in pharmacies and retail stores. In addition, medical insurance and accounts receivable departments use percentages regularly to determine what portion of an invoice is covered as well as to calculate preferred provider versus out-of-program provider rates and coverage. In general, percent application are seen less frequently than fractions & decimals by general health care professionals.

Percent-to-Decimal Conversion Page 129 Percent-to-Decimal Conversion To convert a percent to a decimal, shift the decimal point two places to the left. The process of doing this quick division replaces have to divide the number by 100. Examples – page 129 – Practice 1: Evens group work – page 129 – Practice 1: odds

Decimal-to-Percent Conversion Page 130 Decimal-to-Percent Conversion To convert a decimal to a percent, shift the decimal point two places to the right. If a number has a decimal in it and you are converting from a decimal to a percent, use the existing decimal point as the starting point for the conversion. It is possible to have percents greater than 100. Examples – page 130-131 – Practice 2-3: Evens group work – page 130-131 – Practice 2-3: odds

Using Proportion to Solve Percent Problems Pages 131 – 132 Using Proportion to Solve Percent Problems Proportions are also very useful in solving percent problems. To accomplish this, use the formula: % 100 is (the part) of - whole (the total) = Examples – page 132-133 – Practice 4: Evens group work – page 132-133 – Practice 4: odds

Percent Problems in Health Care Page 133 Percent Problems in Health Care To solve percent problems in health care, one needs to be aware that the problem may include whole numbers, fractions, and decimals. The skills used in percents draw on the foundation you have in these areas of math computation. It is important to remember and apply the fraction concepts learned when dealing with fractions in percents because a fraction is more accurate and exact than a decimal number that has a repeating final digit. Examples – page 134 – Practice 5: Evens group work – page 134 – Practice 5: odds

Complex Percent Problems Page 134 Complex Percent Problems More complex percents include fractions, and the most efficient way of handling these percents is as complex fractions. By setting up the problem in proportion format, the work is put into manageable steps. A common error that students make is to multiply the first two numbers and consider their work done; however, there is always a final division step that must be performed. Examples – page 135 – Practice 6: Evens group work – page 135 – Practice 6: odds

Page 136 Percent Change Change is ever present in our lives. A percent change can represent an increase or a decrease. We calculate present change for fees, medical doses, weight, income, and so on. You may use a simple formula to help determine percent change. Set up the fraction of change Use proportion to set up a percent conversion. Remember that percent means out of 100. Amount of change Original number = Fraction of change Examples – page 136-137 – Practice 7: Evens group work – page 136-137 – Practice 7: odds

Percent Strength of Solutions Page 137 Percent Strength of Solutions The strength of solutions is an important application of percents. Solution = a liquid that has had medication, minerals, or other products dissolved in it. It refers to a two-part substance: Solute – the drug, mineral, or product (can be dry – in grams or liquid – in liters) Solvent – the liquid (can consist of a variety of mediums depending on the medical application) Percent strength = how much of a substance has been dissolved in a specific amount of liquid. Key to percent strength is your knowledge of part-to-whole relationships: A percent is x parts to 100 total parts. *** Examples – page 138 – Practice 8: Evens group work – page 138 – Practice 8: odds

Using Proportion to Convert Solutions Page 139 Using Proportion to Convert Solutions Knowledge of proportion is useful in converting to smaller or larger amounts of solution. In health care, professionals may not always require 100 mL of solution. It is important to maintain the correct ratio or pure drug to solution to ensure that the patient is getting the medication or solution the doctor intended. Note that the ratio of pure drug remains consistent no matter how much solution is to be prepared. Examples – page 139-141 – Practice 9-10: Evens group work – page 139-141 – Practice 9-10: odds

Single Trade Discount Page 141 Single trade discounts are useful to individuals who handle products or inventory that must be marked up. The single trade discount provides the net price of items when a single discount has been given. Some health care organizations that use certain name brands receive these discounts from manufacturers of the products they use or sell most often. Examples – page 142 – Practice 11: Evens group work – page 142 – Practice 11: odds