Features of A.E

Quick Quiz: On Unit 4 thus far: 1. What are the three accents? 2. Is Australia a ‘classless’ society? 3. Name 3 values of ‘Australian society’ 4. What does pluricentric mean? How does it relate to AE? 5. What is the difference between a dialect and a language?

Before we start: - BUZZWORDS THAT SOUND GOOD IN ESSAYS: Social Stratification: social stratification n1. (Sociology) sociol the hierarchical structures of class and  status in any society http://study.com/academy/lesson/social-stratification- definition-theories-examples.html

Grammar - The most notable grammatical features come from non standard forms - Would be more prevalent in rural areas - A lot wouldn’t deviate from the standard that much FEATURES IN AUS ENG: You in plural second person pronoun form- youse guys (Not distinct to AuS ENG - Gender marking in both animate and inanimate nouns ‘I got to work in her’ - Whom- declining in use-

Grammatical features: You in plural second person pronoun form- youse guys (Not distinct to AuS ENG) - Gender marking in both animate and inanimate nouns ‘I got to work in her’ - Whom- declining in use- - Non standard pronoun forms ‘one of them things’ ‘me and her’ - Mixing of there and their -Use of present continuous instead of simple present ‘I am liking school’ - Double marked superlatives ‘My most happiest day’ ‘the very bestest of friends’ - Have omission- instead of ‘I have only drunk half of it’ ‘I only drunk half of it’ - Use of of instead of have after modal verbs, should, could and would - Can, used instead of may, can I? instead of may I?

Grammatical features Was for all past tense forms of to be- ‘you was here on Saturday’ ‘I’m sure they was there’ Use of don’t in place where doesn’t would be Standard- he don't always know about that’, instead of he doesn’t always know about that’ Aint as an all purpose negative- instead of isn’t or haven’t’ Common use of double negative ‘I didn’t do nothing’ I would of waited

Lexical Features - Borrowing: when a word is borrowed from a donor language and incorporated into a recipient language without translation. - We have incorporated little from Aboriginal languages however they are still present and still colour our languages. Yakka- Hard Work Billagbong Boomerang Gaalah Places- Geelong, Ballarat, Echucha (One third of Aus places have origins in Aboriginal languages) USE SHEET PROVIDED

Regionalisms Many 18th and 19th century British regionalisms thrived in Aus and are now considered ‘Australian’ Billy- Is actually from Scotland- Fain Dinkim- From Derbyshire Cobber- From Suffolk Bloody Turn to page 198 and copy down 3 of the examples in the table- Can you think of any others?

Values - Some of these have insight into Aussie values- Central to Aus culture Battler, fair go etc A lot of these are used only colloquially- You wouldn’t find them often in writing or formal settings - Things bonzer and shelia not overly common.

Morphological features DIMINUTIVES Where words are shortened to one syllable with an additional ending- usually y/ie or o. Let’s watch the telly Shrimp on barbie Jonno loves footy http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2010/08/why-we-shorten-barbie,- footy-and-arvo/

Diminutives It is claimed by linguist Anna Wierbicka that this reflects “cultural values like the cult of informality, mateship, egalitarianism and friendliness” Words like muso convey a laid back friendlessness and casual togetherness. Whilst a lot of old aussie slang is lessoning- diminutives show no sign of lessening

Quickly- Write as many as you can think of.. Journo, Compo, surfie, ….

Watching the ‘call me maybe’ Parody- Write down anything you can find in terms of Australian Lexical items, grammar or morphological patterning. And I’m sorry. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRVPyw_BorY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BzI04jXR-y0

RESEARCH: Does the cultural cringe still exists? What makes you say that? (500 words)