Abolitionism – Reconstruction Unit 5 Vocabulary Abolitionism – Reconstruction

Abolitionism Movement to end slavery Increased tension between the North and South Made slavery a significant issue in American politics Abolitionism

Nat Turner Led a slave rebellion in Virginia Increases tension between North and South Southerners increase restrictions on slaves and free blacks and Northerners say this proves slaves need to be free Nat Turner

William Lloyd Garrison Publisher of the Liberator His newspaper supported abolitionism and brought more people to the cause William Lloyd Garrison

Former slave who becomes famous abolitionist writer and speaker He was an influential abolitionist because he experienced slavery himself Fredrick Douglass

Grimke Sisters Southern women who were abolitionists What they said was important because they experienced how bad slavery was from the slave owner's perspective Grimke Sisters

States’ rights ideology Belief that the power of the states should be protected Wanted states to have more power than federal government Commonly held belief of southerners before the Civil War States’ rights ideology

Tried to resolve conflict over slavery in the West by saying all states except Missouri north of the 36’30 line would be free states Only temporarily solved the conflict Missouri Compromise

War between U. S. and Mexico from 1846-1848, in which the U. S War between U.S. and Mexico from 1846-1848, in which the U.S. wins land from Mexico in the West New land meant new arguments over slavery in the West War with Mexico

Banned slavery in territories won during the War with Mexico Divided Congress along regional lines Wilmot Proviso

Placing the interest of one’s region over the interest of the whole nation Sectionalism

Compromise of 1850 California is a free state Other territories would decide based upon popular sovereignty (a vote) Fugitive Slave Act (runaway slaves were returned to the South) Compromise of 1850

The territories of Kansas and Nebraska would vote to decide whether they would become slave or free states. The competition to gain votes resulted in violence between pro-slavery groups and abolitionists (Bleeding Kansas) Kansas-Nebraska Act

A system where people vote to decide what to do on an issue Used to decide whether some territories would be free or slave Popular Sovereignty

A slave (Scott) sued for freedom A slave (Scott) sued for freedom. He had been brought into a free state, so he said he was no longer a slave. Court ruled that slaves were property and that owners had the right to keep them even in free states. Dred Scott Decision

John Brown raided the US Army arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia. He wanted to start a slave rebellion, but he was captured and hanged. Divides the North and South even more. North saw him as a martyr and the South said he was a terrorist. John Brown’s Raid

After South Carolina seceded (broke away) from the Union (North), Confederate (Southern) forces surround and attack the Union base at Fort Sumter. This battle was the beginning of the Civil War. Fort Sumter

Stopped General Lee’s (Confederate) first march towards Washington D.C. After a tie in the battle the Confederates had to retreat back to the south. Bloodiest single day in the war Battle of Antietam

Union General Grant attacked and captured the Confederate city of Vicksburg, Mississippi. This victory gave the Union control of the Miss. River and split the Confederacy in half. Battle of Vicksburg

Battle of Gettysburg Union victory Stopped General Lee’s second march into northern territory. 3 day battle with 100,000 casualties Turning point of the war in favor of the Union Battle of Gettysburg

Battle for Atlanta Union Victory Control of Atlanta gave the Union control of the south, because Atlanta was a “transportation hub.” Battle for Atlanta

General in command of the Union (the North) Army. Ulysses Grant

General in Command of the Confederate (Southern) Army. Robert E. Lee

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Confederate general that was second-in-command under General Lee. Killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

Union general who used the concept of “Total War” to make southerners want to surrender. “March to the Sea” Burned a path of destruction from Atlanta to Savannah William T. Sherman

President of the “Confederate States of America” Jefferson Davis

How did President Lincoln try to preserve the Union? First bullet: What does Lincoln say? Second Bullet: How did it help preserve the Union? DON’T WRITE THIS DOWN How did President Lincoln try to preserve the Union?

Suspension of Habeas Corpus Says that prisoners of war and supporters of the Confederacy do not have the right to trial Stops enemies of the Union from working against them Suspension of Habeas Corpus

Speech that says to honor the dead by winning the war and preserving the Union Encourages people to keep fighting Gettysburg Address

Emancipation Proclamation Frees the slaves in southern states Former slaves will support the Union and join the union army Emancipation Proclamation

Second Inaugural Address We need to finish the war, but treat the South with kindness and welcome them back Gets rid of divisions, helps heal the country and bring both sides together Second Inaugural Address

Presidential Reconstruction Reconstruction under President Lincoln and President Johnson Was more lenient on the South Presidential Reconstruction

Radical Republican Reconstruction Congress was in control of Reconstruction Put the South under military supervision Gave more rights to African Americans Radical Republican Reconstruction

Created to help former slaves adjust to life as freedmen Freedmen’s Bureau

Ended slavery 13th Amendment

Protects the rights of African-Americans 14th Amendment

Gave black males the right to vote 15th Amendment

Laws that were passed to limit the freedom and movement of black laborers Wanted to restore race relations to the way they were before emancipation Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers Black Codes

Ku Klux Klan White supremacist hate group Klan violence prevented African-Americans from voting and returned Democrats to power in the South Ku Klux Klan

Impeachment The process of accusing a president of wrongdoing Andrew Johnson was impeached by the House for violating the Tenure of Office Act, but was acquitted in the Senate trial Impeachment

Presidential election of 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) lost the popular vote and electoral votes were disputed, so Congress appointed a commission to solve the problem The Commission votes for Hayes because it was mostly Republican Led to Compromise of 1877 and end of Reconstruction Presidential election of 1876

Democrats agree to accept Hayes as president if federal troops were removed from the South This marks the end of Reconstruction Compromise of 1877