Cells Chapter 2. Cells Chapter 2 The Cell Cell- The basic unit of function and structure in living things. Cells come in many shapes and sizes.

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Presentation transcript:

Cells Chapter 2

The Cell Cell- The basic unit of function and structure in living things. Cells come in many shapes and sizes.

Cell Wall Strong, rigid wall that protects the cell and gives it shape. Plants, bacteria, fungi and some protists have Cell Walls.

The outer covering of a cell. Used for protection and support. Cell Membrane The outer covering of a cell. Used for protection and support. Controls what enters into the cell.

Cytosol A gel-like substance found inside the cell. Used to support the organelles.

Organelles Structures within a cell with special functions. There are many types of organelles, with different functions!

Nucleus Regulates and controls all the activities within a cell. Contains chromosomes- Thick strands of DNA that do not leave the nucleus.

Chloroplast used in photosynthesis. Contain chlorophyll- Green pigment that captures the sun’s light. Plants only

Mitochondria Rod-shaped organelle that provides energy for the cell. The POWERHOUSE of the cell!

Ribosomes Tiny organelles that are used to make proteins. Found free floating in cytoplasm or attached to ER.

Vacuoles used for storage. store food, water and waste.

contain digestive chemicals. Lysosomes contain digestive chemicals. break down food, waste and dying organelles.

Chloroplast Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Lysosomes Vacuoles Organelles Ribosomes Lysosomes Vacuoles

From Cell to Organism Groups of cells combine to form tissues. Groups of tissue combine to form organs.

From Cell to Organism (Cont) Groups of organs combine to form organ systems. Groups of organ systems combine to form an organism.

Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organisms

Golgi Body Packages & ships macromolecules, then ships them in vesicles

Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Eukaryotic cells are complex with lots of membrane bound organelles- all cells but bacteria Prokaryotic cells- bacteria- simplistic, no membrane bound organelles, no membrane bound nucleus, DNA free floating

Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough & smooth Rough with ribosomes Smooth- synthesizes lipids Rough- packages and transports proteins

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