Washington’s Presidency Lesson 3.1

Guiding Questions What steps did President Washington take to set up the government of the new republic? What were the causes and effects of the Whiskey Rebellion? What was the impact of Washington’s foreign policy outlined in his Farewell Address?

inauguration the formal admission of someone to office (i.e. Presidential Inauguration)

precedent an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances

Cabinet (in the US) a body of advisers to the president, composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government

bond (in the US) a body of advisers to the president, composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government

tariff a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports

speculator a person or an entity that trades securities essentially as bets that the price will go up or down, and as such, typically has an above-average risk tolerance (Investment risk taker)

neutral not helping or supporting either side in a conflict, disagreement, etc.; impartial

LAB: WWGD- Whiskey Rebellion (A) Document A: Reading Assignments (Out loud to group) BLUE: Paragraph 1 YELLOW: Paragraph 2 GREEN: Paragraph 3 RED: Paragraph 4 Document A: Response Questions (Think/Pair/Share) Spend 3 minutes answering the questions When told- discuss the following question with your partner (2 min) Green/Red: Question 1 Blue/Yellow: Question 2 Group Share: Partners summarize your answers for your group!

LAB: WWGD- Whiskey Rebellion (B) Document B: Reading Assignments (Individual/Silently) BLUE: Article 1, Section 8, 1-11 YELLOW: Article 1, Section 8, 12,15+16, Article 2, Section 1 GREEN: Article 2, Section 2 RED: Article 2, Section 3 Document B: Response Questions (Group Think) Spend 3 minutes sharing with your group (Same order as readings)): Did you find anything in your section important in this case? Tell your group Work together to answer the questions

LAB: WWGD- Whiskey Rebellion (C) Document C: Reading Assignments (Out loud to group) YELLOW: Paragraphs 1+2 Red: Paragraphs 3+4 GREEN: Paragraph 5 BLUE: Paragraph 6+7 Document C: Response Questions (Individual Work) Answer the final question set- what do you think about Washington’s response to the Whiskey Rebellion?

Challenges Facing the New Republic 3.1 Reading Notes Challenges Facing the New Republic The Government In 1789, Congress creates the departments of State, Treasury, and War and the offices of Attorney General and Postmaster General Washington sets a precedent by choosing well-known leaders to serve in his Cabinet- Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton Congress passes the Judiciary Act of 1789 establishing the Supreme Court The Economy Alexander Hamilton becomes Treasury Secretary Hamilton’s Plan to consolidate debt under federal government sparks cabinet controversy Needed to stabilize national economy Created a National Bank Foreign Affairs Washington’s farewell address warns of getting entangled in foreign conflicts (France and Britain) The Neutrality Proclamation (Meant to keep a developing nation out of complicated conflict)

Cornell Notes Section 3.1 Essential Question: What issues did George Washington face as the first President of the United States?

1. Becoming the First President

Becoming the First President Despite a desire to retire, Washington was a natural choice due to his fame from the revolution In January 1789, the first Electoral college would unanimously select Washington as President, and John Adams as Vice President Washington realized everything he did would set a ‘precedent’ for the office First tasks he faced were establishing the federal court system and appointing judges, as well as choosing his cabinet Washington’s Cabinet: Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson Secretary of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton Secretary of War: Henry Knox Attorney General: Edmund Randolph

2. What did Americans expect?

What did Americans Expect? Americans expected improved trade, a stable economy, and safety from its new government In 1790, there were 4 million people living in the United States Most Americans lived on farms Interests: Wanted fair taxes, the ability to settle in western lands, and minimal government interference in their daily lives Other Americans lived in towns and cities as craftspeople, laborers, or merchants Interests: Wanted laws and policies to increase trade, and protect and grow American businesses New York, a rapidly growing city with a newly developed stock exchange (Wall St.) was chosen to be the capital

3. Settling debt and creating a national bank

Settling debt and creating a Bank One of Washington’s biggest tasks was settling the debt owed from the American revolution Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton called for the federal government to assume all state debt in order to repay it faster and establish good credit for the United States and allow states to focus on development He also wanted to establish a national bank to deposit the government’s money and issue loans Southern states, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison opposed the idea, as the south didn’t owe as much as northern states, and they thought it gave too much power to the federal government Washington’s support, and an agreement to move the capital to the south, led to the adoption of Hamilton’s vision

4. Challenges of the Presidency

Challenges of the Presidency Establishing foreign policy; especially towards Britain and France Settling conflicts and keeping the peace in the northwest territory Domestic resistance to government authority (Whiskey Rebellion) Challenges to Constitutional Authority (Whiskey Rebellion/National Bank) Competing views for the future of America and the development of political parties