Biology Notes Cells Part 3 Pages 84, 722-728

Standards ____ Explain the role of cell membranes as highly selective barriers ____ Identify the major parts of the brain on diagrams or models 3.6 3.7

Essential Question: 1. What is the purpose of the brain?

I. Cell Receptors = a ________ that detects a signal molecule and performs a _________ in response cell receptors only bind to specific shaped molecules called ________ this ensures that only the right cell receives the right _________ protein function ligands message

TYPES OF RECEPTORS: 1. intracellular = receptors _______ the cell which means the message or _______ must cross the cell membrane common form of how ___________ work inside ligand hormones

2. membrane receptors = receptors located on the _______ of the cell membrane which change shapes in response to a bound _______ in order to communicate the message inside the cell used when the ligand is usually too ______ to cross cell membrane outside ligand large

II. Nervous System – The Body’s Electro-Chemical Communication System A. Functions 1. Gather information from _______ and ________ the organism 2. Transmit this information in the form of _________ and _________messages to the brain 3. Process the information and choose the best _________ that will keep the organism in homeostasis inside outside electrical chemical response

4. Send the decision to ________, glands, and/or _______ through __________ or __________ messages so they can perform appropriate actions muscles organs electrical chemical

B. Neurons = the basic nerve cell which functions to carry __________ through the nervous system in the forms of nerve _________ and neurotransmitters messages impulses

neurotransmitter = the chemical form of _________ that travels within the ________ system and allow neurons to communicate with other _____ in order for 2 neurons to communicate, the ________________ must be allowed into the cell which means it must be recognized by cell membrane __________ and possibly _______ or be actively transported across the cell __________ messages nervous cells neurotransmitter receptors diffuse membrane

DIAGRAM:

C. The Brain = the major ___________ unit of the body made of many ________ which receives messages about the environment and decides which _______ to take in order to keep an organism alive can be divided into different ________, each having specific controls processing neurons actions sections

Sections of the Brain 1. Cerebrum = area of the brain responsible for all _________ activities of the body as well as personality and _________ consists of the ____ and ______ hemispheres which can communicate with each other using the _______ callosum voluntary behavior left right corpus

the left hemisphere controls muscles and senses located on the _____ side of the body as well as ______, logic, and __________ the right hemisphere controls on the ____ side of the body as well as spatial abilities, facial recognition, visual imagery, and _______ right math reasoning left music

as a whole, the cerebrum can be divided into different ______, each responsible for specific controls lobes

a. frontal lobe = part of the cerebrum in charge of planning, __________, problem-solving, movement (_______ cortex), and some aspects of speech (________ area); also considered the area where the seat of ________ lies b. temporal lobe = part of the cerebrum in charge of ________, speech reception, and some parts of the ________ (hippocampus) reasoning motor Broca’s emotion hearing memory

c. parietal lobe = part of the cerebrum that detects changes in the skin including _________, heat, _____, pain, and the position of the body in space d. occipital lobe = part of the cerebrum that in charge of _______ pressure cold vision

2. Cerebellum = area of the brain responsible for coordinating body __________ Puts commands for movement received from the __________ into action with __________ 3. Brain Stem = area of the brain that connects the brain to the _______ cord and regulates ___________ action e.g. a. medulla oblongata b. pons movement cerebrum muscles spinal involuntary breathing, heart beat, blinking

4. Thalamus = receives messages from the _______ and relays to the correct part of the __________ for further processing 5. Hypothalamus = part of the brain which controls _______, thirst, anger, fatigue, ______ temperature and coordinates responses with the __________ system senses cerebrum hunger body endocrine