GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTION OF METALS

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Presentation transcript:

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTION OF METALS CHAPTER 6 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTION OF METALS

METALLURGY CONTENTS DEFINITION TYPES OF METALLURGY GENERAL METHODS EXTRACTION OF ALUMINIUM EXTRACTION OF IRON 2

Metallurgy The extraction of metals from their ores and refining it is known as metallurgy 3

Types of metallurgy PYROMETALLURGY by heating the ore eg. Fe ELECTROMETALLURGY by passing electric current to the molten or aqueous solution of ore eg. Al HYDROMETALLURGY by dissolving the ore in a suitable reagent and precipitating the metal.eg. Au, Ag

IMPORTANT TERMS MINERAL: the substance from which metal can be extracted. ORE: the mineral from which metal can be extracted profitably and economically. GANGUE: the earthy impurities found in ore. FlUX: the substance added to ore to remove gangue particles. SLAG: the fusible mass formed by the combination of gangue and flux. GANGUE + FLUX ------------ SLAG

6

ENRICHMENT/CONCENTRATION OF ORE Process used for removal of the “GANGUE” GANGUE – Soil, Sand and Earthy Impurities 7

ENRICHMENT/CONCENTRATION OF ORE 4 METHODS ---- GRAVITY SEPARATION METHOD. FROTH FLOTATION METHOD MAGNETIC SEPARATION METHOD CHEMICAL METHOD(LEACHING)

Gravity separation 9

Froth Floatation 10

EXTRACTION OF METAL FROM CONCENTRATED ORE CONVERSION OF ORE INTO ITS OXIDE FORM Roasting Calcination CONVERSION OF OXIDE ORE INTO METAL smelting

CONVERSION OF ORE INTO ITS OXIDE FORM Conversion of concentrated ore into a more suitable form in REVERBIRATORY FURNACE Roasting -- Heating the Sulphide ore in presence of air to form an Oxide ore 2ZnS+3O2  2ZnO + 2SO2 Calcination -- Heating the Carbonate ore in the absence of air to form an Oxide ore ZnCO3 ZnO + CO2 12

Reduction(Smelting) Low in the reactivity series ---- Heating ---- e.g..2HgS + 3O2 2HgO +2SO2 2HgO(S) - 2Hg + O2 (g) Middle in the reactivity series Heating with C (Smelting) ZnO + C --Zn + CO High up in the reactivity series  Electrolytic reduction 13

REFINING OF METAL DIFFERENT METHODS FOR REFINING OF METALS ARE Liquation Distillation Electrolytic refining

REFINING OF METAL ELECTROLYTIC REFINING Used for Metals -Al, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ni, Ag.. CuSO4 + H2SO4 15

ALLOY Alloy is defined as the homogeneous mixture of two or more metals/non-metals.

TYPES OS ALLOYS There are three types of alloys 1. FERROUS ALLOY: Fe is the main constituent 2. NON FERROUS ALLOY: Fe is not the main constituent 3. AMALGAM: Hg is the main constituent

PURPOSE OF MAKING ALLOYS 1. TO modify the colour 2. To increase the hardness of the metal 3. To increase the tensile strength of metal 4. To decrease the melting point of metal 5. To make the metal more resistance against corrosion

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