Diagnostic criteria for sarcoidosis of the sinuses Richard D. deShazo, MDa, M.M. O'Brien, MDb, Wiley K. Justice, MDc, James Pitcock, MDc  Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  Volume 103, Issue 5, Pages 789-795 (May 1999) DOI: 10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70421-5 Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Representative CT findings for our patients with sarcoidosis. A, Axial view of patient 1 shows partial opacification of the right and left ethmoid air cells and mucosal thickening within both maxillary sinuses. B, Axial view of patient 2 shows soft tissue mass in left maxillary sinus with bilateral thickening of the nasal turbinates. C, Coronal view of patient 3 shows recurrence of disease after bilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery, complete left and subtotal right maxillary sinus opacification with recurrent obstruction of both osteomeatal units, recurrent disease in residual right ethmoid air cells, and bilateral nasal obstruction from mucosal involvement. D, Coronal view of patient 4 shows complete opacification of the left maxillary and ethmoid sinuses with subtotal opacification of the right ethmoid air cells and bilateral hypertrophy of the nasal turbinates. E, Coronal view of patient 5 shows ongoing nasal disease after bilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery and occlusion of left nasal passage resulting from nasal septal deviation and mucosal thickening of left middle and inferior turbinates. F, Coronal view of patient 6 shows mucosal thickening in both maxillary sinuses with obstruction of the osteomeatal complexes bilaterally and bilateral opacification of ethmoid air cells. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1999 103, 789-795DOI: (10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70421-5) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 A-C, Endoscopic biopsy of left ethmoid sinus in patient 1 (A,B) . The low-power panel (B) shows a fairly large granuloma with a Langhans’-type giant cell (arrow) immediately abutting the respiratory epithelium of the sinus tissue. The higher power panel (A) shows 2 discrete granulomas, one subepithelial (large arrow) and one slightly deeper, with a focally dense background of chronic inflammatory cells, predominantly plasma cells. Note cilia on the respiratory surface (small arrow) . Endoscopic biopsy of left ethmoid sinus in patient 4 (low-power panel, D ). Compared with the findings in patient 1, the granulomas (arrows) are more uniform and slightly deeper in the mucosa but equally discrete. The inflammatory infiltrate is also less dense. The Langhans’-type giant cell (high-power panel, C ) contains amorphous material (arrow) that did not change under polarized light. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1999 103, 789-795DOI: (10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70421-5) Copyright © 1999 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions