The Road to Secession Part 2 The 1850s: Unit 7 PP 7.2 The Road to Secession Part 2

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 Stephen Douglas wants western lands in the union and thinks popular sovereignty is the most fair way to go Letting the people of a territory vote slave or free 1854 Douglas introduces a bill that would repeal the Missouri Compromise… ie: would make territory above the Missouri line open to slavery …and create two territories – Nebraska in the north and Kansas in the south

Remember where the line was?

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 Thousands went to Kansas. Supporters of both a slave and free territory. Pro-slavery supporters set up a government in Lecompton Abolitionist supporters set up a government in Topeka

Bleeding Kansas! VIOLENCE ERUPTS!! Pro-slavery supporters burn anti-slavery town of Lawrence “Sack of Lawrence” Anti-slavery group (led by John Brown) kills 5 slavery supporters “The Pottawatomie Massacre”

Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians) “Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

Bleeding Kansas spreads to D.C. Charles Sumner (MA) speaks for two days in the Senate against actions in Kansas In his speech he makes fun of Andrew Butler of SC (calls him a pimp for slavery) Two days later…Preston Brooks, Butler’s nephew, walks up to Sumner and hits him on the head 5-6 times with a cane Sumner suffers brain damage and does not return for three years South applauds Brooks and North denounces him

“The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas-Nebraska Act

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. 2 million in a decade!

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Book about slavery; portrayed slave owners as horrible and violent and slaves as brave and nice Northern Response: slavery is evil; increased support for abolition Southern Response: Unfair depiction; she’s uniformed; banned book

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 Northern Whigs. Northern Democrats. Free-Soilers. Know-Nothings. Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas- Nebraska Act.

Dred Scott Decision

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) Scott claims that he is free since he had lived in free territory with his master Supreme Court (Chief Justice Roger B. Taney) ruled that slaves do not have the rights of citizens (couldn’t sue) Stated that MO Compromise was unconstitutional because it restricted property rights Result→ Supreme Court clears the way for extension of slavery (territories can’t restrict slavery before statehood)

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20c)

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

1860 Presidential Election John Bell Constitutional Union Ignored slavery Abraham Lincoln Republican Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat Popular sovereignty John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat Supported Dred Scott

Republican Party Platform in 1860 - Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers]. - Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. - No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. - Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. - Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. - Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?

1860 Election Results

Secession: SC→ Dec. 20, 1860

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861