Industrialization and Progressivism CSS 11.1, 11.2, 11.3. 11.5, 11.6 1877 - 1917 Unit 2—Chapters 3 – 4 Industrialization and Progressivism CSS 11.1, 11.2, 11.3. 11.5, 11.6

Part Five Drive for Reform EQ: What areas did Progressives think were in need of the greatest reform?

Progressive Movement, 1890 - 1920 the Gilded Age made some very wealthy but left many very poor middle class reformers wanted to help the poor and restrain the worst excesses of big business presidents, governors and voters made major changes to the law famous Progressives: Gov. “Fighting Bob” LaFollette (WI) Gov. Hiram Johnson (CA) Pres. Theodore Roosevelt Pres. Woodrow Wilson

The Problems Progressives Wanted to Tackle big business was unregulated monopolies & trusts were too big political machines had destroyed democracy cities were filled with crime, filth, disease, & corruption the poor, women, & blacks lacked basic rights workers were exploited wealth was unequally distributed

Reminder Social Gospel movement Settlement Houses and Jane Addams

Political Reforms 17th Amendment, 1913 Australian Ballot voters pick US senators instead of the state congress Australian Ballot a secret ballot

Social Reforms Workers’ Rights Keating-Owen Act, 1916 many states passed laws to require job safety, worker’s compensation, and limit work hours 30,000 died on the job, 500,000 were injured in the 1900s Keating-Owen Act, 1916 made child labor illegal but was thrown out by the Supreme Court child labor was finally banned in 1938 Florence Kelly got Illinois to ban it many states required children to go to school John Dewey – facts vs. critical thinking, variety of subjects we still debate whether school should focus on work skills or creative skills like art, writing, and social studies

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, 1911 a fire on the 8th floor prevented workers on the 9th floor from getting out of the building the owners fled and left the doors locked 146 garment workers died either in the fire or from jumping to safety The owners were acquitted and were fined $20 two years later for locking the doors during business hours public outrage led to new laws that protected workers’ rights

Reforming Government Galveston Hurricane – 8000 died Reorganized city gov’t from a mayor and alderman to a 5 person commission and city manager Very successful – other cities adopted Curbed power of political machines Direct Primary – citizens pick Senate candidates, not party bosses

Political Reforms initiative referendum recall voters can create state laws if you get enough signatures you can put anything on the state ballot referendum voters can vote to allow or refuse state laws some laws can’t take affect until both the state congress and the voters approve it recall voter can vote out elected officials in 2003, Gov. Gray Davis became the 2nd governor to ever be recalled from office

Muckrakers American journalists who exposed corruption in business and politics laid the foundation for the Progressive Movement Ida Tarbell – History of Standard Oil Upton Sinclair – The Jungle Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives Lincoln Steffens – Shame of the Cities David Phillips – Treason of the Senate

The Jungle + = Upton Sinclair revealed the truth about the condition of the Chicago meat packing plants Meat Inspection Act, 1906 authorized federal inspection of meat by the USDA Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 required food products to be labeled correctly led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration