Turning Points of the War Chapter 4 Section 3 Turning Points of the War

War Shifts to the Middle States September 15, 1776 -William Howe captures New York City Battle of Trenton - short of food, supplies, ammunition - Washington saves his army- and the Revolution- by counterattacking on December 26, 1776 - they cross the Delaware River in the middle of Christmas night, and surprised attacked German mercenaries

Military Turning Points Into the night, Washington sends his troops north of Princeton Battle of Princeton (January 3, 1777) - Washington inflicted heavy causalities on British General Charles Cornwallis’s troops Battle of Saratoga - fought in two stages on Sept. 19th and Oct. 7th ,1777 -without victory, American forces would likely not have received critical assistance from a very important ally.

European Allies Enter the War Page 120 Who were encouraged to recognize American independence after the victory at Saratoga?

The Continental Army Faces Challenges Valley Forge (1777/1778) - in Pennsylvania, Washington’s army spent harsh and hungry winter outside of Philadelphia - soldiers suffered from lack of supplies and food

War’s End and Lasting Effects Chapter 4 Section 4 War’s End and Lasting Effects

Cornwallis Surrenders Yorktown, Virginia (1781) - plan to trap Cornwallis’s army - need the help of French fleet to block the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay (trapping the British navy) - trapped by both land and sea- Cornwallis surrenders his army on October 19, 1781 Treaty of Paris (1783) - recognized American independence and granted boundaries to the United States

The War Ends Four Main Factors Contribute to Patriots Win 1. British underestimated Patriots 2. British misunderstood political nature of conflict 3. Patriots were highly motivated 4. Patriots were assisted by France

Revolution Impacts Society British Abandon their Allies - most loyalists were prevented from returning home after the war - Native Americans were abandoned Impacts on Women - inspired women to seek a larger voice in public affairs Changes for African Americans - Revolution inspired many slaves to demand freedom