Physical Science Unit 3-5

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Presentation transcript:

Physical Science Unit 3-5 Energy!! Physical Science Unit 3-5

What is Energy? The ability to cause change When does something have energy? It has the ability to change itself or its environment

2 Categories of Energy Kinetic Energy Potential Energy IS changing an object or its surroundings The energy in a moving object Potential Energy COULD BE or has the POTENTIAL to change an object or its surroundings Energy stored within an object

Types of Energy Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Electromagnetic Energy Motion- large objects Thermal or Heat energy- tiny molecule motion Potential Energy Elastic- stretch Chemical- bonds, fuel Nuclear- nucleus Electrical- charge Gravitational- height Electromagnetic Energy Energy carried by invisible waves

Kinetic Energy The energy a moving object has because of its motion Depends on mass and speed!

Thermal or Heat Energy Kinetic energy in tiny molecules Hotter objects Molecules vibrating faster Colder objects slower

Kinetic Energy Equation Kinetic Energy = 1 mass x (speed)2 2 KE = 1 mv2 KE = Joules (J) Kinetic Energy

Example! Diego is jogging. His mass is 60 kg and he is moving at 3 m/s. What is his KE? m = 60 kg v = 3 m/s KE = 1mv2 2 KE = 1/2 (60)(3 2) KE = 270 J

Potential Energy Stored energy due to position Potential Energy

Elastic Potential Energy Energy stored by something that can stretch or compress Example = Rubberband or Spring

Chemical Potential Energy Energy stored in chemical bonds Example = food- fuel

FUEL

Electrical Potential Energy Stored energy due to an electric charge Example = rubbing socks on carpet, lightning from clouds to ground

Nuclear Potential Energy Energy stored in the nuclei of atoms Energy holds nucleus together Fusion Put atoms together (sun) Fission Break atoms apart (atom bomb)

Gravitational Potential Energy Energy stored by an object due to its position over the Earth Based on height and gravity Anything that can fall!

Gravitational Potential Energy Equation GPE = mass x gravity x height GPE = mgh (Joules) GPE = Fwh

Example! What is the gravitational potential energy of a ceiling fan that has a mass of 7 kg and is 4 m above the ground? m = 7 kg h = 4 m GPE = mgh GPE = (7)(9.8)(4) GPE = 274 J

Electromagnetic Energy Electrical and Magnetic fields carry energy in invisible waves Light X-rays UV rays Microwaves Radio waves

Changing Forms of Energy Electrical to other forms

Changing Forms of Energy Chemical to other forms

Conversions between KE & PE Mechanical Energy - total amount of potential and kinetic energy in a system Mechanical Energy = PE + KE

Law of Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed Total amount of energy in the universe does not change

Converting Mass into Energy Nuclear fusion Combining nuclei Example - sun Nuclear fission Nuclei are broken apart Both Total amount of energy is conserved Total amount of mass is conserved

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